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Enhancement of Virtual Magnetic Moment Formation in ZnO NPs by Li+ Ion Doping

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Abstract

Lithium-doped ZnO (Zn1-xLixO) nanoparticles were fabricated using the hydrothermal process. XRD patterns showed that the Li+ ions substituted into different lattice sites depending on the level of the doping of Li+ into this semiconductor. The Williamson-Hall plots of the same XRD showed that the strains and sizes of the nanoparticles do not changed monotonically. Using the Tau plot to analyze the effects of the Li+ substitution on the optical (UV-Vis absorption) by the nanoparticles, the changes in the observed values of the energy gaps of the different doped semiconductor were seen not to decrease continuously. A VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer) was used to measure the hysteresis loops of our Zn1-xLixO NPs (originally, the nonmagnetic semiconductor XnO doped with the nonmagnetic Li+ ions). Our VSM measurements shows that the saturation magnetization (emu/g) and coercive force of these nanoparticles increased or decreased, respectively, as the level of Li+ doping increased. Photoluminescence emission at ≈ 510 nm showed that the Li+ doping led to the creation of more zinc vacancies, which in turn generates more virtual magnetic moments. Our results support the vacancy-induced d0 electron model of ferromagnetism in nonmagnetic ion-doped ZnO nanoparticles.

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Funding

We are grateful for the financial support from Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand and Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, for the grant. Finally, we also thank to King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi for the financial support provided by through the KMUTT 55th Anniversary Commemorative Fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand

    Supawika Tanyawong & Sirikanjana Thongmee

  2. Computational and Applied Science for Smart Innovation Cluster (ClASSIC), Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand

    I-Ming Tang

  3. Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore

    Tun Seng Herng

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  1. Supawika Tanyawong
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  2. I-Ming Tang
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  4. Sirikanjana Thongmee
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Correspondence to Sirikanjana Thongmee.

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Tanyawong, S., Tang, IM., Herng, T.S. et al. Enhancement of Virtual Magnetic Moment Formation in ZnO NPs by Li+ Ion Doping. J Supercond Nov Magn 33, 2851–2859 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-020-05547-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-020-05547-6

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