Abstract
A strategic goal of next-generation transmit and receive modules used in radar and communication platforms is the continued miniaturization of semiconductor based electronics in conjunction with their integration with ferrite control elements, chief among them, the circulator. Here, we address the singular goal of efforts to transform the circulator, in its present form a three dimensional construct, to a two-dimensional device. Key to this transformation is the development of self-biased ferrite materials that are necessary for the breaking of time reversal symmetry and nonreciprocal performance of circulators and isolators. A discussion of efforts to integrate this new two-dimensional device with semiconductor-based active components will be addressed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Harris, V.G., Geiler, A., Chen, Y.: Recent advances in processing and applications of microwave ferrites. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 321, 2035 (2009)
As described in: Adam, J.D., Davis, L.E., Dionne, G.F., et al.: Ferrite devices and materials. IEEE Trans. On Magn. 50, 721 (2002).
Harris, V.G.: Modern microwave ferrites. IEEE Trans. on Magn. 48, 1075 (2012)
Anderson, P.W.: Antiferromagnetism. Theory of superexchange interaction. Phys. Rev. 79, 350 (1950)
Néel, L.: Propriétés magnétiques des ferrites; ferrimagnétisme et antiferromagnétisme. Annales de Physique. 12, 137 (1948)
Dionne, G.F.: Magnetic Oxides. Springer, New York (2009)
Geiler, A., Daigle, A., Wang, J., et al.: Consequences of magnetic anisotropy in realizing practical microwave hexaferrite devices. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 324, 3393 (2012)
Kirchmayr, H.R.: Permanent magnets and hard magnetic materials. J Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 29, 2763 (1996)
Sui, X., Scherge, M., Kryder, M.H., et al.: Barium ferrite thin-film recording media. J. Mag. Mag. Mater. 155, 132 (1996)
Koledintseva, M., Ravva, P.C., Drewniak, J.: Engineering of ferrite-graphite composite media for microwave shields. Proc. Int. IEEE Symp. 8, 4244 (2006)
Smit, J. and Wijn, H. P. J.: Ferrites, New York, Wiley, New York, (1959) and references contained within.
Nicholson, D.B.: Hexagonal ferrites for millimeter—wave applications. Hewlett-Packard J. 41, 59 (1990)
Chen, Y., Geiler, A.L., Sakai, T., et al.: Microwave and magnetic properties of self-biased barium hexaferrite screen printed thick films. J. of Appl. Phys. 99, 08M904 (2006a)
Chen, Y., et al.: Screen printed thick self-biased, low-loss, barium hexaferrite films by hot-press sintering. J. Appl. Phys. 100, 043907 (2006b)
Albanese, G., Deriu, A.: Magnetic properties of Al, Ga, Sc, In substituted barium ferrites: a comparative analysis. Ceramurgia International. 5, 3 (1979)
Li, Z.W., Guo, L., Chen, L., et al.: Co2+Ti4+ substituted Z-type barium ferrite with enhanced imaginary permeability and resonance frequency. J. Appl. Phys. 063905, 99 (2006)
Hu, B., Chen, Y., Su, Z., et al.: Magnetocrystalline anisotropy and FMR linewidth of Zr and Zn-doped Ba-hexaferrite films grown on MgO (111). IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 49, 4234 (2013).
Sugg, B., Vincent, H.: Magnetic properties of new M-type hexaferrites BaFe12-2xIrxCoxO19. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 364, (1995)
Li, Z.W., Ong, C.K., Yang, Z., et al.: Site preference and magnetic properties for a perpendicular recording material: BaFe12-xZnx/2Zrx/2O19 nanoparticles. Physical Review B. 62, 6530 (2000)
Daigle, A.P., Geiler, M., Geiler, A.L., et al.: Permeability spectra of Co2Z hexaferrite compacts produced via a modified aqueous co-precipitation technique. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 324, 3719 (2012)
Su, Z., Chen, Y., Hu, B., et al.: Crystallographically textured self-biased W-type hexaferrites for X-band microwave applications. J. Appl. Phys. 113, 17B305 (2013)
Liu, J., Zeng, Y., Su, Z., et al.: Magnetic properties of a highly textured barium hexa-ferrite quasi-single crystal and its application in low-field biased circulators. Journal of Electronic Materials. 6, 1 (2016)
Chen, Y., Nedoroscik, M.J., Geiler, A.L., et al.: Perpendicularly oriented polycrystalline BaFe11.1Sc0.9O19 hexaferrite with narrow FMR linewidth. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 91, 2952 (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Harris, V.G., Sokolov, A.S. The Self-Biased Circulator: Ferrite Materials Design and Process Considerations. J Supercond Nov Magn 32, 97–108 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-018-4928-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-018-4928-9