Abstract
Spiritual struggles (SSs) are distressing spiritual thoughts associated with poorer health outcomes. This study’s purpose was to test feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity of an intervention to decrease SS of parents of children with CF. Parents screening positive for SS were enrolled and were randomized to intervention or attention-control condition. Intervention focused on intra-, inter-, and divine SS. Mixed linear modeling examined between-group differences. We present analyses of N = 23, and participants all showed decreased levels of SS. Acceptability was high; feasibility was higher in the intervention arm. GuideSS_CF is acceptable and feasible and warrants development as a potentially efficacious intervention.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dalmida, S. G., Holstad, M. M., Diiorio, C., & Laderman, G. (2009). Spiritual well-being, depressive symptoms, and immune status among women living with HIV/AIDS. Women and Health,49(2–3), 119–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630240902915036.
Ellenberg, J. H. (1996). Intent-to-treat analysis versus as-treated analysis. Drug Information Journal,30(2), 535–544.
Exline, J. J., Pargament, K. I., Grubbs, J. B., & Yali, A. M. (2014). The religious and spiritual struggles scale: Development and initial validation. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality,6(3), 208.
Fitchett, G., Meyer, P. M., & Burton, L. A. (2000). Spiritual care in the hospital: Who requests it? Who needs it? Journal of Pastoral Care,54(2), 173–186.
Fitchett, G., & Risk, J. L. (2009). Screening for spiritual struggle. Journal of Pastoral Care and Counseling,63(1–2), 1–12.
Fitchett, G., Winter-Pfändler, U., & Pargament, K. I. (2014). Struggle with the divine in Swiss patients visited by chaplains: Prevalence and correlates. Journal of Health Psychology,19(8), 966–976.
Grossoehme, D. H., & Fitchett, G. (2013). Testing the validity of a protocol to screen for spiritual risk among parents of children with cystic fibrosis. Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion,24, 281–308.
Grossoehme, D. H., Opipari-Arrigan, L., VanDyke, R., Thurmond, S., & Seid, M. (2012a). Relationship of adherence determinants and parental spirituality in cystic fibrosis. Pediatric Pulmonology,47, 558–566. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.21614.
Grossoehme, D. H., Ragsdale, J. R., Cotton, S., Meyers, M. A., Clancy, J. P., Seid, M., et al. (2012b). Using spirituality after an adult CF diagnosis: Cognitive reframing and adherence motivation. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy,18(3–4), 110–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2012.720544.
Grossoehme, D. H., Szczesniak, R. D., Britton, L. L., Siracusa, C. M., Quittner, A. L., Chini, B. A., et al. (2015). Adherence determinants in CF: Cluster analysis of parental psychosocial and religious/spiritual factors. Annals of the American Thoracic Society,12(6), 838–846. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201408-379OC.
Grossoehme, D. H., Szczesniak, R. D., Mrug, S., Dimitriou, S. M., Marshall, A., & McPhail, G. L. (2016a). Adolescents’ spirituality and cystic fibrosis airway clearance treatment adherence: Examining mediators. Journal of Pediatric Psychology,41(9), 1022–1032.
Grossoehme, D. H., Teeters, A., Jelinek, S., Dimitriou, S. M., & Conard, L. A. (2016b). Screening for spiritual struggle in an adolescent transgender clinic: Feasibility and acceptability. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy,22(2), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2015.1123004.
IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 23.0). (2015). Armonk, NY: IBM Corporation.
Jones, A., Cohen, D., Johnstone, B., Yoon, D. P., Schopp, L. H., McCormack, G., et al. (2015). Relationships between negative spiritual beliefs and health outcomes for individuals with heterogeneous medical conditions. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health,17(2), 135–152.
Kremer, H., Ironson, G., Kaplan, L., Stuetzele, R., Baker, N., & Fletcher, M. A. (2015). Spiritual coping predicts CD4-cell preservation and undetectable viral load over 4 years. AIDS Care,27(1), 71–79.
Mahoney, A., Carels, R. A., Pargament, K. I., Wachholtz, A., Leeper, L. E., Kaplar, M., et al. (2005). The sanctification of the body and behavioral health patterns of college students. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion,15(3), 221–238.
McConnell, K. M., Pargament, K. I., Ellison, C. G., & Flannelly, K. J. (2006). Examining the links between spiritual struggles and symptoms of psychopathology in a national sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology,62(12), 1469–1484. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20325.
Modi, A. C. (2009). The impact of a new pediatric epilepsy diagnosis on parents: Parenting stress and activity patterns. Epilepsy & Behavior,14(1), 237–242.
Modi, A. C., Lim, C. S., Yu, N., Geller, D., Wagner, M. H., & Quittner, A. L. (2006). A multi-method assessment of treatment adherence for children with cystic fibrosis. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis,5(3), 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2006.03.002.
Modi, A. C., & Quittner, A. L. (2006). Utilizing computerized phone diary procedures to assess health behaviors in family and social contexts. Children’s Health Care,35(1), 29–45.
Murray-Swank, N. A., & Pargament, K. I. (2005). God, where are you? Evaluating a spiritually-integrated intervention for sexual abuse. Mental Health, Religion & Culture,8(3), 191–203.
Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. M. (2000). The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE. Journal of Clinical Psychology,56(4), 519–543. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679.
Powers, S. W., Stark, L. J., Chamberlin, L. A., Filigno, S. S., Sullivan, S. M., Lemanek, K. L., et al. (2015). Behavioral and nutritional treatment for preschool-aged children with cystic fibrosis: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatrics,169(5), e150636. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0636.
Quittner, A. L., Espelage, D. L., Opipari, L. C., Carter, B. D., & Eigen, H. (1998). Role strain in couples with and without a chronically ill child: Associations with marital satisfaction, intimacy and daily mood. Health Psychology,17, 112–124. https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.17.2.112.
Quittner, A. L., & Opipari, L. C. (1994). Differential treatment of siblings: Interview and diary analyses comparing two family contexts. Child Development,65(3), 800–814. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.ep9408220881.
Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement,1(3), 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306.
Rounsaville, B. J., Carroll, K. M., & Onken, L. S. (2001). A stage model for behavioral therapies research: Getting started and moving on from Stage 1. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice,8(2), 133–142. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.8.2.133.
Steinhauser, K. E., Olsen, A., Johnson, K. S., Sanders, L. L., Olsen, M., Ammarell, N., et al. (2016). The feasibility and acceptability of a chaplain-led intervention for caregivers of seriously ill patients: A Caregiver Outlook pilot study. Palliative & Supportive Care,14(5), 456–467. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951515001248.
Thuné-Boyle, I. C. V., Stygall, J., Keshtgar, M. R. S., Davidson, T. I., & Newman, S. P. (2013). Religious/spiritual coping resources and their relationship with adjustment in patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer in the UK. Psycho-Oncology,22(3), 646–658. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3048.
Wiener, L., Riekert, K., Ryder, C., & Wood, L. V. (2004). Assessing medication adherence in adolescents with HIV when electronic monitoring is not feasible. AIDS Patient Care & STDs,18(9), 527–538.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the partial funding from the institution’s Research Innovation and Progress Award, the Division of Pulmonary Medicine and the Department of Pastoral Care.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed Consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Betz, J., Szczesniak, R., Lewis, K. et al. Feasibility and Acceptability of a Telephone-Based Chaplaincy Intervention to Decrease Parental Spiritual Struggle. J Relig Health 58, 2065–2085 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00921-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00921-8