Skip to main content
Log in

Being Thankful: Examining the Relationship Between Young Adult Religiosity and Gratitude

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Religion and Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Studies show that religious people tend to be more grateful, yet existing research tends to rely on small, non-representative samples and limited measures of religiosity. Therefore, we use a national sample (the National Study of Youth and Religion) and multiple measures of religiosity to examine the extent to which religion is associated with feelings of gratitude. We find that religious efficacy and having religious friends positively predict the extent to which young adults feel grateful. In contrast, religious affiliation, participation in organized religion, private devotion, religious salience, otherworldly beliefs, and being spiritual but not religious are unrelated to experiencing feelings of gratitude.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adler, M. G., & Fagley, N. S. (2005). Appreciation: Individual differences in finding value and meaning as a unique predictor of subjective well-being. Journal of Personality, 73, 79–114.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartkowski, J. P., Xiaohe, X., & Fondren, K. M. (2011). Faith, family, and teen dating: Examining the effects of personal and household religiosity on adolescent romantic relationships. Review of Religious Research, 52, 248–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J. A., & Smenner, P. C. (1986). The spontaneous use of thank you by preschoolers as a function of sex, socioeconomic status, and listener status. Language in Society, 15, 537–546.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burdette, A., & Hill, T. D. (2009). Religious involvement and transitions into adolescent sexual activities. Sociology of Religion, 70, 28–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornwall, M., Albrecht, S. L., Cunningham, P. H., & Pitcher, B. L. (1986). The dimensions of religiosity: A conceptual model with an empirical test. Review of Religious Research, 27, 226–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emmons, R. A. (2004). The psychology of gratitude: An introduction. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. McCullough (Eds.), The psychology of gratitude (pp. 3–16). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Emmons, R. A. (2005). Giving thanks: Spiritual and religious correlates of gratitude. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 24, 140–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmons, R. A., & Crumpler, C. A. (2000). Gratitude as a human strength: Appraising the evidence. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 56–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 377–389.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Froh, J. J., Emmons, R. A., Card, N. A., Giacomo, B., & Wilson, J. A. (2011). Gratitude and the reduced costs of materialism in adolescents. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12, 289–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Froh, J. J., Sefick, W. J., & Emmons, R. A. (2008). Counting blessings in early adolescents: An experimental study of gratitude and subjective well-being. Journal of School Psychology, 46, 213–233.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Froh, J. J., Yukewicz, C., & Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Gratitude and subjective well-being in early adolescence: Examining gender differences. Journal of Adolescence, 32, 633–650.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glock, C. Y., & Stark, R. (1965). Religion and society in tension. Chicago: Rand McNally.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, A., Musher-Eizenman, D. R., Holub, S. C., & Darymple, J. (2004). What are children thankful for? An archival analysis of gratitude before and after the attacks of September 11. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25, 541–553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J. P. (2011). Faith and understanding: Specifying the impact of higher education on religious belief. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 50, 533–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, N. (2006). Gratitude toward God, stress, and health in late life. Research on Aging, 28, 163–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, N. (2009). Religious involvement, gratitude, and change in depressive symptoms over time. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 19, 155–172.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, N., & Ellison, C. G. (2009). Social environment of the church and feelings of gratitude toward God. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 1, 191–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, N., & Hayward, R. D. (2014). Church-based social support, functional disability, and change in personal control over time. Journal of Religion and Health, 53, 267–278.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, N., Hayward, R. D., Bruce, D., & Woolever, C. (2014). Gratitude to God, self-rated health, and depressive symptoms. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 53, 341–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, N. M., Fincham, F. D., Braithwaite, S. R., Graham, S. M., & Beach, S. R. H. (2009). Can prayer increase gratitude? Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 1, 139–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manning, L. (2012). Spirituality as a lived experience: Exploring the essence of spirituality for women in late life. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 75, 95–113.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 112–127.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCullough, M. E., Tsang, J. A., & Emmons, R. A. (2004). Gratitude in intermediate affective terrain: Links of grateful moods to individual differences and daily emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 295–309.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Merriam-Webster. (2013). Retrieved November 15, 2013 from, http://www.merriam-webster.com.

  • National Study of Youth and Religion. (2008). Methodological design and procedures for the National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR) longitudinal telephone survey (Waves 1, 2, and 3). Chapel Hill, NC: National Study of Youth and Religion. Retrieved November 20, 2013 from, http://www.youthandreligion.org/sites/youthandreligion.org/files/imported/research/docs/master_just_methods_11_12_2008.pdf.

  • Qu’ran. (2013). Retrieved October 12, 2013 from, http://www.islamawakened.com/quran/14/7/.

  • Rosmarin, D. H., Pirutinsky, S., Cohen, A. B., Galler, Y., & Krumrei, E. J. (2011). Grateful to God or just plain grateful? A comparison of religious and general gratitude. Journal of Positive Psychology, 6, 389–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sandage, S. J., Hill, P. C., & Vaubel, D. C. (2011). Generativity, relational spirituality, gratitude, and mental health: Relationships and pathways. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 21, 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toussaint, L., & Friedman, P. (2009). Forgiveness, gratitude, and well-being: The mediating role of affect and beliefs. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 635–654.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsang, J. (2006). Gratitude and prosocial behavior: An experimental test of gratitude. Cognition and Emotion, 20, 138–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsang, J. (2007). Gratitude for small and large favors: A behavioral test. Journal of Positive Psychology, 2, 157–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsang, J., Schulwitz, A., & Carlisle, R. D. (2011). An experimental test of the relationship between religion and gratitude. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 4, 40–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaidyanathan, B. (2011). Religious resources or differential returns? Early religious socialization and declining attendance in emerging adulthood. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 50, 366–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ventimiglia, J. C. (1982). Sex roles and chivalry: Some conditions of gratitude to altruism. Sex Roles, 8, 1107–1122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watkins, P. C., Woodward, K., Stone, T., & Kolts, R. L. (2003). Gratitude and happiness: Development of a measure of gratitude and relationships with subjective well-being. Social Behavior and Personality, 31, 431–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wein, B. (2013). Saying thank you. Retrieved August 2, 2013 from, http://www.rabbiwein.com/blog/saying-thank-you-511.html.

  • Wink, P., Dillon, M., & Fay, K. (2005). Spiritual seeking, narcissism, and psychotherapy: How are they related? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 44, 143–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, A. M., Maltby, J., Gillett, R., Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2008). The role of gratitude in the development of social support, stress, and depression: Two longitudinal studies. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 854–871.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wuthnow, R. (1998). After heaven: Spirituality in America since the 1950s. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Zinnbauer, B. J., & Pargament, K. L. (2005). Religiousness and spirituality. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), The handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 21–42). New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The National Study of Youth and Religion, http://www.youthandreligion.org, whose data were used by permission here, was generously funded by Lilly Endowment Inc., under the direction of Christian Smith, of the Department of Sociology at the University of Notre Dame.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rachel Kraus.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kraus, R., Desmond, S.A. & Palmer, Z.D. Being Thankful: Examining the Relationship Between Young Adult Religiosity and Gratitude. J Relig Health 54, 1331–1344 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-014-9923-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-014-9923-2

Keywords

Navigation