Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The Strength to Cope: Spirituality and Faith in Chronic Disease

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Religion and Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The lifelong management of a chronic condition requires considerable mental fortitude and commitment in social adjustment and adherence to medical advice. In examining strategies of adaptation, we draw on ethnographic research, including interviews with 69 people with type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease. We explore how they incorporate spirituality into their self-management routines, with positive impact on their health and wellbeing, and highlight the role of spiritual practices in supporting people with chronic conditions mentally, physically and socially, so encouraging personal responsibility for one’s health and wellbeing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. (2010). The Australian ‘Sharing Healthcare’ initiative. Retrieved December 2010, from http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/Publishing.nsf/Content/chronicdisease-sharing.htm.

  • Balboni, T. A., Vanderwerker, L. C., Bloch, S. D., Paulk, M. E., Lathan, C. S., Peteet, J. R., et al. (2007). Religiousness and spiritual support among advanced cancer patients and associations with end-of-life treatment preferences and quality of life. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25(5), 555–560.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, S. J., Piedmont, R., Bilderback, A., Matsumoto, A. K., & Bathon, J. M. (2003). Spirituality, well-being, and quality of life in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care & Research, 49(6), 773–783.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Black, A. (Ed.). (1991). Religion in Australia: Sociological perspectives. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouma, G. (2006). Australian soul: Religion and spirituality in the twenty-first century. Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bury, M. (1982). Chronic illness as biographical disruption. Sociology of Health & Illness, 4(2), 167–182.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campayo, A., de Jonge, P., Roy, J. F., Saz, P., de la Cámara, C., Quintanilla, M. A., et al. (2010). Depressive disorder and incident diabetes mellitus: The effect of characteristics of depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(5), 580–588.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, B. H., Casey, A., Dusek, J. A., & Benson, H. (2010). Relaxation response and spirituality: Pathways to improve psychological outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69(2), 93–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheung, C. K., Wyman, J. F., & Halcon, L. L. (2007). Use of complementary and alternative therapies in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 13(9), 997–1006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Contrada, R. J., Goyal, T. M., Cather, C., Rafalson, L., & Idler, E. L. (2004). Psychosocial factors in outcomes of heart surgery: The impact of religious involvement and depressive symptoms. Health Psychology, 23(3), 227–238.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coyle, J. (2002). Spirituality and health: Towards a framework for exploring the relationship between spirituality and health. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 37(6), 589–597.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daaleman, T. P., Cobb, A. K., & Frey, B. B. (2001). Spirituality and well-being: An exploratory study of the patient perspective. Social Science and Medicine, 53(11), 1503–1511.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daaleman, T. P., & Frey, B. B. (2004). The spirituality index of wellbeing: A new instrument for health-related quality of life research. Annals of Family Medicine, 2(5), 499–503.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, J. E., Powers, K., Hedayat, K. M., Tieszen, M., Kon, A. A., Shepard, E., et al. (2007). Clinical practice guidelines for support of the family in the patient-centered intensive care unit: American College of Critical Care Medicine Task Force 2004–2005. Critical Care Medicine, 35(2), 605–622.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dein, S. (2010). Religion, spirituality, and mental health: Theoretical and clinical perspectives. (Special report: Cross-cultural psychiatry). Psychiatric Times, 27(1), 28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Do Rozario, L. (1997). Spirituality in the lives of people with disablity and chronic illness: A creative paradigm of wholeness and reconstitution. Disability and Rehabilitation, 19(10), 427–434.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellison, C. G. (1991). Religious involvement and subjective well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32(1), 80–99.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flanagan, K., & Jupp, P. (Eds.). (2007). A sociology of spirituality. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankl, V. (1963). Man’s search for meaning. Boston: Beacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, M. D., Schlundt, D. G., McClellan, L. H., Kinebrew, T., Sheats, J., Belue, R., et al. (2007). Religious fatalism and its association with health behaviors and outcomes. American Journal of Health Behavior, 31(6), 563–572.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • George, L. K., Larson, D. B., Koenig, H. G., & Mccullough, M. E. (2000). Spirituality and health: What we know, what we need to know. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 102–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, R., Dew, M. A., Lee, A., Amaya, M., Buches, L., Reetz, D., et al. (1995). The role of religion in heart-transplant recipients’ long-term health and well-being. Journal of Religion and Health, 34(1), 17–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, S., Wong, D., & Musick, D. (2010). Spirituality and well-being among persons with diabetes and other chronic disabling conditions: A comprehensive review. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 7(1), article 27. doi:10.2202/1553-3840.1270.

  • Harvey, I., & Cook, L. (2010). Exploring the role of spirituality in self-management practices among older African-American and non-Hispanic White women with chronic conditions. Chronic Illness, 6(2), 111–124.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heelas, P., & Woodhead, L. (2005). The spiritual revolution: Why religion is giving way to spirituality. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holt, C. L., Caplan, L., Schulz, E., Blake, V., Southward, P., Buckner, A., et al. (2009). Role of religion in cancer coping among African Americans: A qualitative examination. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 27(2), 248–273.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinman, A., Eisenberg, L., & Good, B. (1978). Culture, illness, and care: clinical lessons from anthropologic and cross-cultural research. Annals of Internal Medicine, 88(2), 251–258.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koenig, H. (1999). Religion, spirituality and medicine: A rebuttal to skeptics. International Journal of Psychiatry in Religion, 29(2), 123–131.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koenig, H. G. (2002). An 83-year-old woman with chronic illness and strong religious beliefs. JAMA, 288(4), 487–493.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larson, J. (1996). The World Health Organization’s definition of health: Social versus spiritual health. Social Indicators Research, 38, 181–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markovic, M. (2006). Analyzing qualitative data: Health care experiences of women with gynecological cancer. Field Methods, 18(4), 413–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, D. (1998). Religion and spirituality in the care of patients with chronic renal failure. Dialysis and Transplantation, 27(3), 136.

    Google Scholar 

  • McFadden, S., & Gerl, R. (1990). Approaches to understanding spirituality in the second half of life. Generations, 8, 35–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newlin, K., Melkus, G. D., & Chyun, D. (2007). The relationship of spirituality to blood glucose control in Black American women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 56(Suppl. 1), 498.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, D. P., & Kenny, E. K. (1998). Spirituality and chronic illness. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 30(3), 275–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pargament, K., & Brant, C. (1998). Religion and Coping. In H. G. Koenig (Ed.), Handbook of religion and mental health. North Carolina: Elsevier Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, B. L. (2001). The shifting perspectives model of chronic illness. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33(1), 21–26.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peach, H. (2003). Religion, spirituality and health: How should Australia’s medical professionals respond? MJA, 178, 86–88.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peterman, A. H., Fitchett, G., Brady, M. J., Hernandez, L., & Cella, D. (2002). Measuring spiritual well-being in people with cancer: The functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-spiritual well-being scale (FACIT-Sp). Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(1), 49–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poloma, M. M., & Pendleton, B. F. (1990). Religious domains and general well-being. Social Indicators Research, 22(3), 255–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Polzer, R. L., & Miles, M. S. (2007). Spirituality in African Americans with diabetes: Self-management through a relationship with God. Qualitative Health Research, 17(2), 176–188.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powe, B., & Finnie, R. (2003). Cancer fatalism: The state of science. Cancer Nursing, 26(6), 454–467.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ryff, C., & Singer, B. (1998). The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 1–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samuel-Hodge, C. D., Headen, S. W., Skelly, A. H., Ingram, A. F., Kevserling, T. C., Jackson, E. J., et al. (2000). Influences on day-to-day self-management of type 2 diabetes among African-American women: Spirituality, the multi-caregiver role, and other social context factors. Diabetes Care, 23(7), 928–933.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sloan, R. P., Bagiella, E., & Powell, T. (1999). Religion, spirituality, and medicine. Lancet, 353(9153), 664–667.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Straughan, P., & Seow, A. (2000). Attitudes as barriers in breast screening: A prospective study among Singapore women. Social Science and Medicine, 51(11), 1695–1703.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, S., & Janigian, A. (1988). Life schemes: A framework for understanding the search for meaning. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 7, 260–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tippens, K., Marsman, K., & Zwickey, H. (2009). Is prayer CAM? Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15(4), 435–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tipton, S. (1982). Getting saved from the sixties: Moral meaning in conversation and cultural change. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Kooy, K., Van Hout, H., Marwijk, H., Marten, H., Stehouwer, C., & Beekman, A. (2007). Depression and the risk for cardiovascular diseases: Systematic review and meta analysis. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(7), 613–626.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verter, B. (2003). Spiritual capital: Theorising religion with Bourdieu against Bourdieu. Sociological Theory, 21(2), 150–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, A. J., & Flannelly, K. J. (2004). The role of religion/spirituality for cancer patients and their caregivers. Southern Medical Journal, 97(12), 1210–1214.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D., & Sternthal, M. (2007). Spirituality, religion and health: evidence and research directions. MJA, 186(10), 47–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, M., Tudball, J., Toms, M., Garden, F., & Grunseit, A. (2008). information use and needs of complementary medicines users—December 2008. Sydney: National Prescribing Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, M., & Bunn, C. (2009). Strategy in a religious network: A Bourdieuian critique of the sociology of spirituality. Sociology, 43(2), 286–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xue, C. C. L., Zhang, A. L., Lin, V., Da Costa, C., & Story, D. F. (2007). Complementary and alternative medicine use in Australia: A national population-based survey. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 13(6), 643–650.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution of Professor Maximilian de Courten, Professor Bruce Hollingsworth, Professor Vivian Lin and Professor Brian Oldenburg to the conception and design of this study. This research was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council, grant number 491171.

Conflict of interest

The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Narelle Warren.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Unantenne, N., Warren, N., Canaway, R. et al. The Strength to Cope: Spirituality and Faith in Chronic Disease. J Relig Health 52, 1147–1161 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-011-9554-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-011-9554-9

Keywords

Navigation