Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

A Critical Review of the Forms and Value of Religious Coping Among Informal Caregivers

  • Published:
Journal of Religion and Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A review of the literature revealed high rates of religiousness and religious coping among informal caregivers (i.e., unpaid family and friends) and some associations with better mental and spiritual health and caregiving experience. However, the information necessary to practically and empirically apply this knowledge to improve the lives of caregivers was noticeably absent. To this end five key issues were identified: (a) Measurement, (b) Process, (c) Effectiveness, (d) Moderators, and (e) Mediators. A greater understanding of the specific types of religious coping strategies used, how their use changes over time, for whom and what outcomes they are most effective, and what influences and explains their effectiveness, will better equip healthcare workers to promote the functioning and well being of caregivers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • References marked with an asterisk indicate studies included in the review.

  • A.D. Abernethy H.T. Chang L. Seidlitz J.S. Evinger P.R. Duberstein (2002) ArticleTitleReligious coping and depression among spouses of people with lung cancer Psychosomatics 43(6) 456–463

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Baines (1984) ArticleTitleCaregiver stress in the older adult Journal of Community Health Nursing 1 257–263

    Google Scholar 

  • O.A. *Barbarin M. Chesler (1986) ArticleTitleThe medical context of parental coping with childhood cancer American Journal of Community Psychology 14 221–235

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Boudreaux S. Catz L. Ryan M. Amaral-Melendez P.J. Brantley (1995) ArticleTitleThe Ways of Religious Coping Scale: Reliability, validity, and scale development Assessment 2 233–244

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Burgener (1994) ArticleTitleCaregiver religiosity and well-being in dealing with Alzheimer’s dementia Journal of Religion and Health 33 175–189

    Google Scholar 

  • B. *Chang A. Noonan S.L. Tennstedt (1998) ArticleTitleThe role of religion/spirituality in coping with the caregiving for disabled elders The Gerontologist 38 463–470

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Connell G. Gibson (1997) ArticleTitleRacial, ethnic, and cultural differences in dementia caregiving: Review and analysis Gerontologist 37(3) 355–364

    Google Scholar 

  • S.H. Croog S. Levine (1972) ArticleTitleReligious identity and response to serious illness: A report on heart patients Social Science and Medicine 6 17–32

    Google Scholar 

  • M.J. Donahue P.L. Benson (1995) ArticleTitleReligion and the well-being of adolescents Journal of Social Issues 51 145–160

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Ebaugh K. Richman J. Chafetz (1984) ArticleTitleLife crises among the religiously committed: Do sectarian differences matter Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 23 19–31

    Google Scholar 

  • C.G. Ellison J.S. Levin (1998) ArticleTitleThe religion-health connection: Evidence, theory, and future directions Health Education & Behavior 25 700–720

    Google Scholar 

  • B.A. Esterling J.K. Kiecolt-Glaser J.C. Bodnar R. Glaser (1994) ArticleTitleChronic stress, social support, and persistent alteration in the natural killer cell response to cytokines in older adults Health Psychology 13 291–298

    Google Scholar 

  • J.J. Exline A.M. Yali M. Lobel (1999) ArticleTitleWhen God disappoints: Difficulty forgiving God and its role in negative emotion Journal of Health Psychology 4 365–379

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Fitchett B.D. Rybarczyk G.A. DeMarco J.J. Nicholas (1999) ArticleTitleThe role of religion in medical rehabilitation outcomes: A longitudinal study Rehabilitation Psychology 44 333–353

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Folkman (1997) ArticleTitlePositive psychological states and coping with severe stress Social Science Medicine 45 1207–1221

    Google Scholar 

  • S. *Folkman M.A. Chesney M. Cooke A. Boccellari L. Collette (1994) ArticleTitleCaregiver burden in HIV-positive and HIV-negative partners of men with aids Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 62 746–756

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Gallup (1995) The Gallup Poll: Public opinion 1995. Scholarly Resources Wilmington, DE

    Google Scholar 

  • R.R. Ganzevoort (1998) ArticleTitleReligious coping reconsidered, part two: A narrative reformulation Journal of Psychology and Theology 26 276–286

    Google Scholar 

  • L.K. George C.G. Ellison D.B. Larson (2002) ArticleTitleExplaining the relationships between religious involvement and health Psychological Inquiry 13(3) 190–200

    Google Scholar 

  • C.W. Given M. Stommel B. Given J. Osuch M.E. Kurtz J.C. Kurtz (1993) ArticleTitleThe influence of cancer patients’ symptoms and functional states on patients’ depression and family caregivers’ reaction and depression Health Psychology 12 277–285

    Google Scholar 

  • L. *Goldbeck (2001) ArticleTitleParental coping with the diagnosis of childhood cancer: Gender effects, dissimilarity within couples, and quality of life Psycho-Oncology 10 325–335

    Google Scholar 

  • K.T. Goode W.E. Haley D.L. Roth G.R. Ford (1998) ArticleTitlePredicting longitudinal changes in caregiver physical and mental health: A stress process model Health Psychology 17 190–198

    Google Scholar 

  • J.F. Hiatt (1986) ArticleTitleSpirituality, medicine, and healing Southern Medical Journal 79 736–743

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Hinton (1999) ArticleTitleThe progress of awareness and acceptance of dying assessed in cancer patients and their caring relatives Palliative Medicine 13 19–35

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Horowitz (1985) Family caregiving to the frail elderly C. Eisdorfer (Eds) Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Vol Springer 5. New York

    Google Scholar 

  • R.A. Hummer R.G. Rogers C.B. Nam C.G. Ellison (1999) ArticleTitleReligious involvement and U.S adult mortality. Demography 36 273–285

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Kaye K.M. Robinson (1994) ArticleTitleSpirituality among caregivers Image 26 218–221

    Google Scholar 

  • B. *Kelly P. Edwards R. Synott C. Neil R. Baillie D. Battistutta (1999) ArticleTitlePredictors of bereavement outcomes for family carers of cancer patients Psycho-Oncology 8 237–249

    Google Scholar 

  • J.K. Kiecolt-Glaser J.R. Dura C.E.,. Speicher et al. (1991) ArticleTitleSpousal caregivers of dementia victims: Longitudinal changes in immunity and health Psychosomatic Medicine 53 345–362

    Google Scholar 

  • H.G. Koenig H.J. Cohen F.H. Blazer C. Pieper K.G. Meador F. Sheip et al. (1992) ArticleTitleReligious coping and depression among elderly, hospitalized medically ill men American Journal of Psychiatry 149 1693–1700

    Google Scholar 

  • H.G. Koenig M. McCullough D. Larson (2001) Handbook of Religion and Health Oxford University Press New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Pargament Koenig. H.G. Nielsen K.I. (1998) ArticleTitleReligious coping and health status in medically ill hospitalized older adults Journal of nervous and mental disease 186 513–521

    Google Scholar 

  • N. Krause C.G. Ellison B.A. Shaw J.P. Marcum J.D. Boardman (2001) ArticleTitleChurch-based social support and religious coping Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 40 637–656

    Google Scholar 

  • Lechner, S., and Zakowski, S. (2000, April). Disease Severity Influences Found Meaning in Cancer. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, Nashville, TN.

  • J.S. Levin (1996) ArticleTitleHow religion influences morbidity and health: reflections on natural history, salutogenesis, and host resistance Social Science and Medicine 43(5) 849–864

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Levin R.J. Taylor L.M. Chatters (1994) ArticleTitleRace and gender differences in religiosity among older adults: Findings from four national surveys Journal of Gerontology 49 137–145

    Google Scholar 

  • D.N. McIntosh R. Silver C.B. Wortman (1993) ArticleTitleReligion’s role in adjustment to a negative life event: coping with the loss of a child Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65 812–821

    Google Scholar 

  • K.I. Maton (1989) ArticleTitleThe stress-buffering role of spiritual support: Cross-sectional and prospective investigations Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 28 91–116

    Google Scholar 

  • J.R. Mickley K.I. Pargament C.R. Brant K.M. Hipp (1998) ArticleTitleGod and the search for meaning among hospice caregivers The Hospice Journal 13 1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • H.B. *Miltiades R. Pruchno (2002) ArticleTitleThe effect of religious coping on caregiving appraisals of mothers of adults with developmental disabilities The Gerontologist 42(1) 82–91

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Moen J. Robinson D. Dempster-McClain (1995) ArticleTitleCaregiving and women’s well-being: a life course approach Journal of Health and Social Behavior 36 259–273

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Nijboer R. Tempelaar R. Sanderman M. Triemstra R. Spruijt G. Van Den Bos (1998) ArticleTitleCancer and caregiving: The impact on the caregiver’s health Psycho-Oncology 7 3–13

    Google Scholar 

  • L.L. Northouse K.M. Stetz (1989) ArticleTitleA longitudinal study of the adjustment of patients and husbands to breast cancer Oncology Nursing Forum 16 221–225

    Google Scholar 

  • M.T. Oberst S.E. Thomas K.A. Gass S.E. Ward (1989) ArticleTitleCaregiving demands and appraisal of stress among family caregivers Cancer Nursing 12 209–215

    Google Scholar 

  • K.I. Pargament (1997) The Psychology of Religion and Coping Guilford Press New York

    Google Scholar 

  • K.I. Pargament (2002) ArticleTitleThe bitter and the sweet: An evaluation of the costs and benefits of religiousness Psychological Inquiry 13 168–181

    Google Scholar 

  • K.I. Pargament D.S. Ensing K. Falgout H. Olsen B. Reilly K.V. Van Haitsma R. Warren (1990) ArticleTitleGod help me: I Religious coping efforts as predictors of the outcomes to significant negative life events. American Journal of Community Psychology 18 793–824

    Google Scholar 

  • K.I. Pargament H. Koenig L. Perez (2000) ArticleTitleThe many methods of religious coping: development and initial validation of the RCOPE Journal of Clinical Psychology 56 519–543

    Google Scholar 

  • K.I. Pargament A. Mahoney (2002) Spirituality: The discovery and conservation of the sacred C.R. Snyder S.J. Lopez (Eds) Handbook of positive psychology Oxford University Press New York 646–659

    Google Scholar 

  • K.I. Pargament B.W. Smith H.G. Koenig (1998a) ArticleTitlePatterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37 710–739

    Google Scholar 

  • K.I. Pargament B.J. Zinnbauer A.B. Scott E.M. Butter J. Zerowin P. Stanik (1998b) ArticleTitleRed flags and religious coping: identifying some religious warning signs among people in crisis Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54 77–89

    Google Scholar 

  • M.J. Pearce J. Chen G.K. Silverman S.V. Kasl R. Rosenheck H. Prigerson (2002) ArticleTitleReligious coping, health, and health service use among bereaved adults The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 32(2) 179–199

    Google Scholar 

  • G.R. Perry M. Roades de Meneses (1989) ArticleTitleCancer patients at home: Needs and coping styles of primary caregivers Home Healthcare Nurse 7 27–30

    Google Scholar 

  • S.J. *Picot (1995) ArticleTitleRewards, costs, and coping of Black American caregivers Nursing Research 44 147–152

    Google Scholar 

  • S.J. Picot S.M. Debanne K.H. Namazi M.L. Wykle (1997) ArticleTitleReligiosity and perceived rewards of black and white caregivers The Gerontologist 37 89–101

    Google Scholar 

  • H.G. Prigerson A.J. Bierhals S.V. Kasl C.F. Reynolds Shear III Day M.K. et al. (1999) ArticleTitleTraumatic grief as a risk factor for mental and physical morbidity American Journal of Psychiatry 156 1994–1995

    Google Scholar 

  • P.V. Rabins M.D. Fitting J. Eastham M.D. Fetting (1990) ArticleTitleThe emotional impact of caring for the chronically ill Psychosomatics 31(3) 331–336

    Google Scholar 

  • P.V. Rabins M.D. Fitting J. Eastham J. Zabora (1990) ArticleTitleEmotional adaptation over time in care-givers for chronically ill elderly people Age and Ageing 19 185–190

    Google Scholar 

  • A. *Rammohan K. Rao D.K. Subbakrishna (2002) ArticleTitleReligious coping and psychological well being in carers of relatives with schizophrenia Acta Psychiatria Scandinavia 105 356–362

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Rogers-Dulan (1998) ArticleTitleReligious connectedness among urban African American families who have a child with disabilities Mental Retardation 36 91–103

    Google Scholar 

  • E.M. Rose J.S. Westefeld T.N. Ansley (2001) ArticleTitleSpiritual issues in counseling: clients’ beliefs and preferences Journal of Counseling Psychology 48 61–71

    Google Scholar 

  • C.M. Rutledge J.S. Levin D.B. Larson J.S. Lyons (1995) ArticleTitleThe importance of religion for parents coping with a chronically ill child Journal of Psychology and Christianity 14 50–57

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Schulz A.T. O’Brien J. Bookwala K. Fleissner (1995) ArticleTitlePsychiatric and physical morbidity effects of dementia caregiving: Prevalence, correlates and causes The Gerontologist 38 224–230

    Google Scholar 

  • A.A. Shah A.L. Snow M.E. Kunik (2001) ArticleTitleSpiritual and religious coping in caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease Clinical Gerontologist 24 127–135

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Soothill S.M. Morris J.C. Harman C. Thomas B. Francis M.B. McIllmurray (2002) ArticleTitleCancer and faith Having faith–does it make a difference among patients and their informal caregivers? Scandinavian Journal of Caring Science 16 256–263

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Spilka W.J. Zwartjes G.M. Zwartjes (1991) ArticleTitleThe role of religion in coping with childhood cancer Pastoral Psychology 39 295–304

    Google Scholar 

  • J.M. Stolley K.C. Buckwalter H.G. Koenig (1999) ArticleTitlePrayer and religious coping for caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 14 181–191

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Stone G.L. Cafferata J. Sangl (1987) ArticleTitleCaregivers of the frail elderly: a national profile The Gerontologist 5 616–626

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Strang P. Strang (2001) ArticleTitleSpiritual thoughts, coping and ‘sense of coherence’ in brain tumor patients and their spouse Palliative Medicine 15 127–134

    Google Scholar 

  • J.C. *Stuckey (2001) ArticleTitleBlessed assurance: The role of religion and spirituality in Alzheimer’s disease caregiving and other significant life events Journal of Aging Studies 15 69–84

    Google Scholar 

  • N. *Tarakeshwar K.I. Pargament (2001) ArticleTitleReligious coping in families of children with autism Focus on Autism and other Developmental Disabilities 16 247–260

    Google Scholar 

  • A.P. Tix P.A. Frazier (1998) ArticleTitleThe use of religious coping during stressful life events: Main effects, moderation, and mediation Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 66 411–422

    Google Scholar 

  • A.M. Whitlatch D.I. Meddaugh K.J. Langhout (1992) ArticleTitleReligiosity among Alzheimer’s disease caregivers The American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders and Research 7 11–20

    Google Scholar 

  • D.R. Williams D.B. Larson R.E. Buckler R.C. Hedckmann C.M. Pyle (1991) ArticleTitleReligion and psychological distress in a community sample Social Science and Medicine 32 1257–1262

    Google Scholar 

  • J.B. *Wood I.A. Parham (1990) ArticleTitleCoping with perceived burden: ethnic and cultural issues in Alzheimer’s family caregiving Journal of Applied Gerontology 9 325–339

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Wong-McDonald R.L. Gorsuch (2000) ArticleTitleSurrender to God: An additional coping style Journal of Psychology and Theology 28 149–161

    Google Scholar 

  • S.D. Wright C.C. Pratt V.L. Schmall (1985) ArticleTitleSpiritual support for caregivers of dementia patients Journal of Religion and Health 24 31–37

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

PEARCE, M.J. A Critical Review of the Forms and Value of Religious Coping Among Informal Caregivers. J Relig Health 44, 81–117 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-004-1147-4

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-004-1147-4

Keywords

Navigation