Skip to main content
Log in

Self-Control and Social Bonds: A Combined Control Perspective on Juvenile Offending

  • Published:
Journal of Quantitative Criminology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

With longitudinal data from a sample of 359 adolescent offenders, we tested three measures of social bonding (conventional moral belief, attachment, and commitment/involvement) and deviant peer association as outcomes of low self-control and as mediators of the effect of low self-control on juvenile offending. Low self-control was negatively related to each bonding measure, positively related to deviant peer association, and positively related to offending at follow-up. Its effect on offending was fully mediated by conventional moral belief and attachment. These results provide modest support for a combination of self-control and social bonding perspectives on juvenile offending.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • R. Agnew (1985) ArticleTitleSocial control theory and delinquency: A longitudinal test Criminology 23 47–62

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Agnew (1993) ArticleTitleWhy do they do it? An examination of the intervening mechanisms between ‘social control’ variables and delinquency J. Res. Crime Delinq. 30 245–266

    Google Scholar 

  • R. L. Akers (1994) Criminological Theories: Introduction and Evaluation Roxbury Publishing Co Los Angeles, California

    Google Scholar 

  • R. L. Akers J. K. Cochran (1985) ArticleTitleAdolescent marijuana use: A test of three theories of deviant behavior Deviant Behav. 6 323–346

    Google Scholar 

  • J. C. Anderson D. M. Gerbing (1988) ArticleTitleStructural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach Psychol. Bull. 103 411–423 Occurrence Handle10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. A. Andrews J. Bonta (1994) The Psychology of Criminal Conduct Anderson Publishing Co Cincinnati, Ohio

    Google Scholar 

  • M. D. Anglin D. Longshore S. Turner (1999) ArticleTitleTreatment alternatives to street crime: An evaluation of five programs Crim. Justice Behav. 26 168–195

    Google Scholar 

  • B. J. Arneklev J. K. Cochran R. R. Gainey (1996) Assessing the stability of low self-control Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • B. J. Arneklev H. G. Grasmick C. R. Tittle R. J. Bursik (1993) ArticleTitleLow self-control and imprudent behavior J. Quant. Criminol. 9 225–247 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01064461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. W. Baron (2003) ArticleTitleSelf-control, social consequences, and criminal behavior: Street youth and the general theory of crime J. Res. Crime Delinq. 40 403–425 Occurrence Handle10.1177/0022427803256071

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. M. Bentler (1995) EQS Structural Equations Program Manual Multivariate Software Encino, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • P. M. Bentler P. Dudgeon (1996) ArticleTitleCovariance structure analysis: Statistical practice, theory, and directions Annu. Rev. Psychol. 47 563–592 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.563 Occurrence Handle15012488

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • P. M. Bentler J. A. Stein (1992) ArticleTitleStructural equation modeling in medical research Stat. Methods Med. Res. 1 159–181 Occurrence Handle1341656

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T. J. Bernard J. N. Snipes (1996) Theoretical integration in criminology M. Tonry (Eds) Crime and Justice: A review of research Volume 20 University of Chicago Press Chicago 301–348

    Google Scholar 

  • S. R. Burkett B. O. Warren (1987) ArticleTitleReligiosity, peer associations, and adolescent marijuana use: A panel study of underlying caused structures Criminology 25 109–131

    Google Scholar 

  • B. M. Byrne (1994) Structural Equation Modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows Sage Thousand Oaks, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • S. A. Cernkovich P. C. Giordano (1992) ArticleTitleSchool bonding, race and delinquency Criminology 30 IssueID2 261–291

    Google Scholar 

  • L. E. Cohen B. J. Vila (1996) ArticleTitleSelf-control and social control: An exposition of the Gottfredson–Hirschi/Sampson–Laub debate Stud. Crime Crime Prev. 5 125–150

    Google Scholar 

  • R. D. Conger (1976) ArticleTitleSocial control and social learning models of delinquent behavior: A synthesis Criminology 14 17–39

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Elliott D. Huizinga S. S. Ageton (1985) Explaining Delinquency and Drug Use Sage Beverly Hills, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • D. T. Evans F. T. Cullen V. S. Burton SuffixJr. R. G. Dunaway M. L. Benson (1997) ArticleTitleThe social consequences of self-control: Testing the general theory of crime Criminology 35 475–504

    Google Scholar 

  • W. D. Foglia (2000) Adding an explicit focus on cognition to criminological theory D. H. Fishbein (Eds) The Science, Treatment, and Prevention of Antisocial Behaviors Civic Research Institute Kingston, New Jersey

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Gibson J. Wright (2001) ArticleTitleLow self-control and coworker delinquency: A research note J. Crim. Justice 29 483–492 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0047-2352(01)00111-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. R. Gottfredson T. Hirschi (1990) A General Theory of Crime Stanford University Press Stanford, California

    Google Scholar 

  • H. G. Grasmick C. R. Tittle R. J. Bursik B. J. Arneklev (1993) ArticleTitleTesting the core empirical implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime J. Res. Crime Delinq. 30 5–29

    Google Scholar 

  • J. D. Hawkins (1996) Delinquency and Crime: Current Theories Cambridge University Press New York

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Hirschi (1969) Causes of Delinquency University of California Press Berkeley, California

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Hirschi (1996) Control theory and the stability assumption: inherent or imposed? Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Hirschi M. R. Gottfredson (1995) ArticleTitleControl theory and the life-course perspective Stud. Crime Crime Prev. 4 IssueID2 131–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, S., Wilcox, P., and Clayton, R. (2002). Personality and substance use: Exploring the psychosocial mediators of family, school, and peers. Paper presented at the American Society of Criminology Conference, November, 2002.

  • K. L. Kempf (1993) The empirical status of Hirschi’s control theory F. Adler W. S. Laufer (Eds) New Directions in Criminological Theory Volume 4 Transaction Publishers New Brunswick, New Jersey 143–185

    Google Scholar 

  • M. D. Krohn J. L. Massey (1980) ArticleTitleSocial control and delinquent behavior: An examination of the elements of the social bond Sociol. Quart. 21 529–43 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1533-8525.1980.tb00634.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. D. Krohn J. L. Massey W. F. Skinner R. M. Lauer (1983) ArticleTitleSocial bonding theory and adolescent cigarette smoking: A longitudinal analysis J. Health Soc. Behav. 24 337–349 Occurrence Handle6668413

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D. Longshore (1998) ArticleTitleSelf-control and criminal opportunity: A prospective test of the general theory of crime Soc. Problems 45 103–114

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Longshore E. Chang S. Hsieh N. Messina (2004) ArticleTitleSelf control and social bonds: A combined control perspective on deviance Crime Delinq. 50 542–564 Occurrence Handle10.1177/0011128703260684

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. Longshore S. Turner (1998) ArticleTitleSelf-control and criminal opportunity: Cross-sectional test of the general theory of crime Crim. Justice Behav. 25 81–98

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Longshore S. Turner M. D. Anglin (1998) ArticleTitleEffects of case management in drug users’ risky sex Prison J. 78 6–30

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Longshore S. Turner J. A. Stein (1996) ArticleTitleSelf-control in a criminal sample: An examination of construct validity Criminology 34 209–228

    Google Scholar 

  • A. S. Mak (1990) ArticleTitleTesting a psychosocial control theory of delinquency Crim. Justice Behav. 17 IssueID2 215–230

    Google Scholar 

  • A. C. Marcos S. J. Bahr R. E. Johnson (1986) ArticleTitleTest of a bonding/association theory of adolescent drug use Soc. Forces 65 IssueID1 135–161

    Google Scholar 

  • K. H. Marquis (1981) Quality of Prisoner Self-Reports: Arrest and Conviction Response Errors RAND Corporation Santa Monica

    Google Scholar 

  • J. L. Massey M. D. Krohn (1986) ArticleTitleA longitudinal examination of an integrated social process model of deviant behavior Soc. Forces 65 IssueID1 106–134

    Google Scholar 

  • R. L. Matsueda K. Anderson (1998) ArticleTitleThe dynamics of delinquent peers and delinquent behavior Criminology 36 269–307

    Google Scholar 

  • S. F. Messner M. D. Krohn A. E. Liska (1989) Theoretical Integration in the study of deviance and crime State University of New York Press Albany

    Google Scholar 

  • T. E. Moffitt (1993) ArticleTitleAdolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy Psychol. Rev. 100 IssueID4 674–701 Occurrence Handle10.1037/0033-295X.100.4.674 Occurrence Handle8255953

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T. E. Moffitt A. Caspi P. A. Silva M. Stouthamer-Loeber (1995) Individual differences in personality and intelligence are linked to crime: Cross-context evidence from nations, neighborhoods, genders, races and age-cohorts J. Hagan (Eds) Current perspectives on aging and the life cycle Volume 4 JAI Press Greenwich, CT 1–34

    Google Scholar 

  • L. K. Muthen B. O. Muthen (1998) Mplus: Statistical analysis with latent variables user’s guide Muthen & Muthen Los Angeles, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • D. S. Nagin R. Paternoster (1993) ArticleTitleEnduring individual differences and rational choice theories of crime Law Soc. Rev. 27 467–496

    Google Scholar 

  • D. S. Nagin R. Paternoster (1994) ArticleTitlePersonal capital and social control: The difference implications of a theory of individual differences in criminal offending Criminology 32 IssueID4 581–606

    Google Scholar 

  • M. D. Newcomb P. M. Bentler (1988) ArticleTitleImpact of adolescent drug use and social support on problems of young adults: A longitudinal study J. Abnorm. Psychol. 97 64–75 Occurrence Handle10.1037/0021-843X.97.1.64 Occurrence Handle3351114

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • E. R. Oetting J. L. Deffenbacher J. F. Donnermeyer (1998) ArticleTitlePrimary socialization theory: The role played by personal traits in the etiology of drug use and deviance. II Subst. Use Misuse 33 IssueID6 1337–1366 Occurrence Handle9603274

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A. Piquero A. B. Rosay (1998) ArticleTitleThe reliability and validity of Grasmick et al.’s self-control scale: A comment on Longshore et al Criminology 36 157–173

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Polakowski (1994) ArticleTitleLinking self- and social-control deviance: Illuminating the structure underlying a general theory of crime and its relation to deviant activity J. Quant. Criminol. 10 41–78 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF02221008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. J. Sampson J. H. Laub (1990) ArticleTitleCrime and deviance over the life course: The salience of adult social bonds Am. Sociol. Rev. 55 609–627

    Google Scholar 

  • J. F. Short SuffixJr. (1997) Poverty, Ethnicity, and Violent Crime Westview Press Boulder, Colorado

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Silva W. Stanton (1996) From Child to Adult: The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Stud Oxford University Press Auckland

    Google Scholar 

  • Tabachnick, B. G., and Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics, 4/E. Allyn & Bacon.

  • C. Tittle (1995) Control Balance: Toward a General Theory of Deviance Westview Press Boulder, Colorado

    Google Scholar 

  • Tittle, C. (2000). Theoretical Developments in Criminology. The Nature of Crime: Continuity and Change. Vol. 1, pp. 51–101. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Washington D.C.

  • S. Turner D. Longshore (1998) Evaluating the Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime (TASC) program J. Petersilia (Eds) Community Corrections: Probation, Parole, and Intermediate Sanctions Oxford University Press New York 134–141

    Google Scholar 

  • K. A. Urberg Q. Luo C. Pilgrim S. M. Degirmencioglu (2003) ArticleTitleA two-stage model of peer influence on adolescent substance use Addict. Behav. 28 1243–1256 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0306-4603(02)00256-3 Occurrence Handle12915166

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • L. T. Winfree F. P. Bernat (1998) ArticleTitleSocial learning, self-control, and substance abuse by eighth grade students: A tale of two cities J. Drug Issues 28 IssueID2 539–558

    Google Scholar 

  • P. B. Wood B. Pfefferbaum B. J. Arneklev (1993) ArticleTitleRisk-taking and self-control: Social psychological correlates of delinquency J. Crime Justice 16 111–130

    Google Scholar 

  • B. R. Wright A. Caspi T. E. Moffitt P. A. Silva (1999) ArticleTitleLow self-control, social bonds, and crime: Social causation, social selection, or both? Criminology 27 479–514

    Google Scholar 

  • B. R. Wright A. Caspi T. E. Moffitt P. A. Silva (2001) ArticleTitleThe effects of social ties on crime vary by criminal propensity: A life-course model of interdependence Criminology 39 321–351

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Douglas Longshore.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Longshore, D., Chang, E. & Messina, N. Self-Control and Social Bonds: A Combined Control Perspective on Juvenile Offending. J Quant Criminol 21, 419–437 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-005-7359-2

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-005-7359-2

Keywords

Navigation