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Dinocyst microlaminations and freshwater "red tides" recorded in Lake Xiaolongwan, northeastern China

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Abstract

We reported a special type of lamination formed in the sediments of Lake Xiaolongwan, northeastern China. The lamination consists of light- and brown-colored laminate couplets in the thin sections. The brown-colored layer is composed mainly of dinoflagellate cysts. The grey-colored layer consists of other organic and siliceous matter (plant detritus, diatoms, chrysophyte cysts) and clastics. Preliminary sediment trap results show that a distinct peak of dinocyst flux occurred in November. The dinocyst flux maximum also corresponds to the peaks of diatom flux and chrysophyte stomatocyst flux. These suggest that "red tide blooms" occur in this freshwater lake. We speculate that the dinocyst flux maximum could be related to autumn overturn due to increased nutrients, and the availability of cysts for germination from the lake bottom. Additionally, it may also reflect increasing dissolved organic matter after leaf fall. An independent chronology derived from 137Cs and 210Pb shows a good agreement with counted laminations. From the sediment trap data and the independent chronology data, the dinocyst microlaminae appear to be annually laminated, and probably could be called dinocyst varves. Although vegetative (thecate stage) cells of Peridinium volzii and Ceratium furcoides are found in the water samples, it is not possible to relate the dinocysts to these two dinoflagellate species. Based on morphological and ecological analyses, we suggested that they have affinities with species of Peridinium (sensu lato), most probably to P. inconspicuum. Detailed investigations should be carried out to understand the red tide history in this freshwater lake. Annually laminated dinocyst microlayers in freshwater and marine sediments not only provide an uncommon archive for understanding the history of red tides and harmful algal blooms, and why and how certain species periodically bloom over several thousands years, but also provide important records of paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic changes at seasonal to annual resolution.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. Liu Guoxiang, Prof. Takeo Horiguchi and Prof. Susan Carty for helpful comments about dinoflagellates. We are grateful to reviewers (Drs. Peta J. Mudie and F. McCarthy) for their constructive comments and correcting our English. This project was supported by the Key Project, CAS (KZCX3-SW-145) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 40571148, 40472092 and 40502018).

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  1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Guoqiang Chu, Patrick Rioual, Qiang Liu, Jintai Han & Jiaqi Liu

  2. National Research Center of Geoanalysis, Beijing, China

    Qing Sun

  3. Departamento Científico Ficología, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, La Plata, 1900, Argentina

    Andrés Boltovskoy

  4. Longwan National Natural Protection Bureau, Huinan, Jilin, 135102, China

    Peiqi Sun

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  1. Guoqiang Chu
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Chu, G., Sun, Q., Rioual, P. et al. Dinocyst microlaminations and freshwater "red tides" recorded in Lake Xiaolongwan, northeastern China. J Paleolimnol 39, 319–333 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-007-9106-1

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