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Current Advances in Protein Import into Peroxisomes

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Abstract

Blobel and coworkers discovered in 1978 that peroxisomal proteins are synthesized on free ribosomes in the cytosol and thus provided the grounds for the conception of peroxisomes as self-containing organelles. Peroxisomes are highly adaptive and versatile organelles carrying out a wide variety of metabolic functions. A striking feature of the peroxisomal import machinery is that proteins can traverse the peroxisomal membrane in a folded and even oligomeric state via cycling receptors. We outline essential steps of peroxisomal matrix protein import, from targeting of the proteins to the peroxisomal membrane, their translocation via transient pores and export of the corresponding cycling import receptors with emphasis on the situation in yeast. Peroxisomes can contribute to the adaptation of cells to different environmental conditions. This is realized by changes in metabolic functions and thus the enzyme composition of the organelles is adopted according to the cellular needs. In recent years, it turned out that this organellar diversity is based on an elaborate regulation of gene expression and peroxisomal protein import. The latter is in the focus of this review that summarizes our knowledge on the composition and function of the peroxisomal protein import machinery with emphasis on novel alternative protein import pathways.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant FOR1905 to R. E.) and from the EU Marie Curie Initial Training Networks (ETN) program PerICo (Grant Agreement Number 812968 to R.E.).

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  1. Systems Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany

    Thomas Walter & Ralf Erdmann

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Walter, T., Erdmann, R. Current Advances in Protein Import into Peroxisomes. Protein J 38, 351–362 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-019-09835-6

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