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Enzymatic Deconstruction of Backbone Structures of the Ramified Regions in Pectins

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Abstract

The pectic enzymes are a diverse group of enzymes that collectively degrade pectin, a mixture of highly heterogeneous and branched polysaccharides rich in d-galacturonic acids forming a major component of the primary cell wall of plants. This review covers key enzymes that function to deconstruct the “ramified region” of pectin. The enzymes include glycoside hydrolases and polysaccharide lyases that degrade complex pectic domains consisting of rhamnogalacturonans, xylogalacturonans, and other heterogeneous polymers. The chemical nature of the pectic substrates for the enzymes is presented. The biochemical properties of the enzymes, the mechanisms of enzyme actions, and related structures and functions, are described. Applications of these enzymes in fruit juice processing and in the production of bioactive compounds, as well as their technological relevance to the deconstruction of cell wall structures for biomass conversion are discussed.

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Abbreviations

AcefA:

3-C-carboxyl-5-deoxy-l-xylofuranosyl

AGP:

Arabinogalactan-proteins

Apif :

Apiofuranosyl

Araf :

Arabinofuranosyl

Arap :

Arabinopyranosyl

CBD:

Carbohydrate binding domain

DE:

Degree of esterification

ΔGalA:

4-Deoxy-β-l-threo-hex-4-enepyranosyl uronic acid

Dhap :

3-Deoxy-d-lyxo-2-heptulopyranosylaric acid

Fucp :

Fucopyranosyl

GalA:

α-d-galacturonic acid

Galp :

Galactopyranosyl

GalpA:

α-d-galactopyranosyluronic acid

GlcpA:

Glucopyranosyluronic acid

HG:

Homogalacturonan

HMR:

Modified hairy region

Kdop :

2-Keto-3-deoxy-d-manno-octulopyranosylonic acid

MeFucp :

2-O-Methylfucopyranosyl

2-O-MeXylp :

2-O-Methyl-xylopyranosyl

exoPG:

exo-Polygalacturonase

poly-GalA:

Polygalacturonic acid

RG-I:

Rhamnogalacturonan I

RG-II:

Rhamnogalacturonan II

Rhap :

α-l-rhamnopyranose

XGA:

Xylogalacturonan

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  1. Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA

    Dominic Wong

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Correspondence to Dominic Wong.

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Reference to a company and/or products is only for purposes of information and does not imply approval of recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. All programs and services of the U.S. Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap.

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Wong, D. Enzymatic Deconstruction of Backbone Structures of the Ramified Regions in Pectins. Protein J 27, 30–42 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-007-9105-0

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