Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze levels of computer anxiety in nurses at a public university hospital in Turkey. This study investigated the dimensions of computer anxiety in terms of computer literacy, self-efficacy, physical arousal, affective feelings, positive beliefs, and negative beliefs. Moreover in this study it was aimed to analyze relationships among computer anxiety and some characteristics of nurses (age, gender etc.). This study based on Beckers and Schmidt’s computer anxiety model. The Beckers and Schmidt’s Computer Anxiety Scale (BSCAS) was used for data collection. BSCAS comprises six factors: computer literacy, self-efficacy, physical arousal in the presence of computers, affective feelings towards computers, positive beliefs, and negative beliefs. At the end of the data collection period, 175 nurses were received from the population. The response rate was 43.75 %. This study showed that a majority of nurses had medium levels of computer anxiety. Overall computer anxiety means score was 12.11 ± 1.72. Computer anxiety has significant relationship with age (r = −.153; p < .05), personal computer ownership (r = .171; p < .05). The highest correlation was between overall computer anxiety and self efficacy (r = −.859), the lowest correlation was between overall computer and negative beliefs (r = −.653). Multiple regression analysis revealed that computer anxiety of nurses was predicted significantly by self efficacy, affective feelings, physical arousal, computer literacy, positive beliefs, and negative beliefs, respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Horn, L., Alternative approaches to IP management: one-stop technology platform licensing. J. Commer. Biotechnol. 9(2):119–127, 2003.
Specht, DM. (2008). The Effect of Supportive Strategies on Computer Anxiety and Computer Self-Efficacy in Nursing Students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. School of Nursing Widener University, Chester, PA, USA.
Şimşek, A., The relationship between computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy. Contemp. Educ. Technol. 2(3):177–187, 2011.
Campbell, C. J., and McDowell, D. E., Computer literacy of nurses in a community hospital: where are we today? J. Contin. Educ. Nurs. 42(8):365–370, 2011.
Boone, J. (2014). The advantages of computers in nursing. http://www.ehow.com/info_8240585_advantages-computers-nursing.html. Accessed 10 Apr 2014.
Brown, S. H., and Coney, R. D., Changes in physicians’ computer anxiety and attitudes related to clinical information systems use. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 1:381–394, 1994.
Gray, M., Invited Editorial: let computers help you, not break you. Online J. Nurs. Inf. 13(1):1–3, 2009.
Hsu, H. M., Hsiao, H. W., Huang, I. J., and Lin, I. C., Factors associated with computer literacy among nurses. Stud. Health Technol. Inf. 122:190–193, 2006.
Selvasekaran, J., Essentials of computer for nurses. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Ltd., New Delhi, 2008.
Shah, M. M., Hassan, R., and Embi, R., Computer anxiety: data analysis. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 67:275–286, 2012.
Embi, R. (2007). Computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy among accounting educators at Mara Technology University (UİTM), Malaysia. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia, USA.
Oetting, E. R. (1983). Manual: Oetting’s computer anxiety scale (COMPAS). Ft. Collins, Colorado: Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University.
Howard, G. S., and Smith, R. D., Computer anxiety in management: Myth or reality? Commun. ACM 29(7):611–615, 1986.
Bozionelos, N., Computer anxiety: relationship with computer experience and prevalence. Comput. Hum. Behav. 17:213–224, 2001.
Kjerulff, K. H., Pillar, B., Mills, M. E., and Lanigan, J., Technology anxiety as a potential mediating factor in response to medical technology. J. Med. Syst. 16(1):7–13, 1992.
Lavasani, M. G. (2002). Investigating the relation of individual variables with computer anxiety of undergraduate students in University of Tehran. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Wang, Y., Development and validation of a mobile computer anxiety scale. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 38(6):990–1009, 2007.
Igbaria, M., and Parasuraman, S., A path analytic study of individual characteristics, computer anxiety, and attitudes towards microcomputers. J. Manag. 15(3):373–388, 1989.
Brodt, A., and Stronge, J. H., Nurses’ attitudes toward computerization in a Midwestern community hospital. Comput. Nurs. 4:82–86, 1986.
Cohen, B. A., and Waugh, G. W., Assessing computer anxiety. Psychol. Rep. 65:735–738, 1989.
Hsu, M. K., Wang, S. W., and Chiu, K. K.-S., Computer attitude, statistics anxiety and self efficacy on statistical software adoption behavior: An empirical. Comput. Hum. Behav. 23:412–420, 2009.
Saadé, R., and Kira, D., Mediating the impact of technology usage on perceived ease of use by anxiety. Comput. Educ. 49(4):1189–1204, 2007.
Busch, T., Gender differences in self-efficacy and attitudes toward computers. J. Educ. Comput. Res. 12:147–158, 1995.
Houle, P. A., Toward understanding student differences in a computer skills course. J. Educ. Comput. Res. 14:25–48, 1996.
Beckers, J. J., and Schmidt, H. G., The structure of computer anxiety: a six-factor model. Comput. Hum. Behav. 17:35–49, 2001.
Beckers, J. J., and Schmidt, H. G., Computer experience and computer anxiety. Comput. Hum. Behav. 19:785–797, 2003.
Beckers, J. J., Wicherts, J. M., and Schmidt, H. G., Computer anxiety: “Trait” or “State”? Comput. Hum. Behav. 23:2851–2862, 2007.
Beckers, J. J., Rikers, R. M. J. P., and Schmidt, H. G., The influence of computer anxiety on experienced computer users while performing complex computer tasks. Comput. Hum. Behav. 22(3):456–466, 2006.
Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R., and Black, W., Multivariate data analysis. Prentice Hall Publication, New Jersey, 1998.
Brosnan, M. J., The impact of computer anxiety and self-efficacy upon performance. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 14:223–234, 1998.
Wilfong, J., Computer anxiety and anger: the impact of computer use, computer experience, and self-efficacy beliefs. Comput. Hum. Behav. 22(6):1001–1011, 2006.
Brosnan, M., and Davidson, M., Psychological gender issues in computing. J. Gend. Work Org. 3:13–25, 1996.
Bowers, D. A., and Bowers, V. M., Assessing and coping with computer anxiety in the social science classroom. Soc. Sci. Rev. 14(4):439–443, 1996.
North, A. S., and Noyes, J. M., Gender influences on children’s computer attitudes and cognitions. Comput. Hum. Behav. 18:135–150, 2002.
Gaudron, J., and Vignoli, E., Assessing computer anxiety with the interaction model of anxiety: development and validation of the computer anxiety trait subscale. Comput. Hum. Behav. 18:315–325, 2002.
Mazloumiyan, S., Akbari, A. R., Rastegar, A., and Jahromi, R. G., Comparing computer anxiety of humanistic, basic science, and technical and engineering students in the University of Tehran regarding gender. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 30:1246–1250, 2011.
Chua, S. L., Chen, D. T., and Wong, F. L., Computer anxiety and its correlates: a meta-analysis. Comput. Hum. Behav. 15(5):609–623, 1999.
Todman, J., Gender difference in computer anxiety among university entrants since 1992. Comput. Educ. 34(1):27–35, 2000.
McIlroy, D., Bunting, B., Tierney, K., and Gordon, M., The relation of gender and background experience to self reported computing anxiety and cognitions. Comput. Hum. Behav. 17(1):21–33, 2001.
Todman, J., and Day, K., Computer anxiety: the role of psychological gender. Comput. Hum. Behav. 22:856–869, 2006.
Brosnan, M., and Lee, W., A cross-cultural comparison of gender differences in computer attitudes and anxiety: The UK and Hong Kong. Comput. Hum. Behav. 14(4):559–577, 1998.
Rosen, L., and Maguire, P., Myths and realities of computer phobia: a meta analysis. Anxiety Res. 3(1):175–191, 1990.
Rosen, L. D., and Weil, M. M., Computer anxiety: a cross-cultural comparison of university students in ten countries. Comput. Hum. Behav. 11(1):45–64, 1995.
Calhoun, M., Staley, D., Hughes, L., and McLean, M., The relationship of age, level of formal education, and duration of employment toward attitudes concerning the use of computers in the workplace. J. Med. Syst. 13(1):1–9, 1989.
Mikkelsen, A., Øgaard, T., Lindøe, P. H., and Einar Olsen, O., Job characteristics and computer anxiety in the production industry. Comput. Hum. Behav. 18:223–239, 2002.
Bozionelos, N., Psychology of computer use XXXIX. Prevalence of computer anxiety in British managers and professionals. Psychol. Rep. 78:995–1002, 1996.
Hsu, H., Hou, Y., Chang, C., and Yen, D. C., Factors influencing computer literacy of Taiwan and South Korea nurses. J. Med. Syst. 33:133–139, 2009.
Parayitam, S., Desai, K. J., Desai, M. S., and Eason, M. K., Computer attitude as a moderator in the relationship between computer anxiety, satisfaction, and stress. Comput. Hum. Behav. 26(3):345–352, 2010. Article.
Sanderlin, T., Managing techno stress in the organizational environment: symptoms and solutions. Ann. Am. Psychother. Assoc. 7(1):26–32, 2004.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Education & Training
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Top, M., Yılmaz, A. Computer Anxiety in Nursing: An Investigation from Turkish Nurses. J Med Syst 39, 163 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-014-0163-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-014-0163-5