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The Contribution of Growth Hormone to Mammary Neoplasia

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Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

While the effects of growth hormone (GH) on longitudinal growth are well established, the observation that GH contributes to neoplastic progression is more recent. Accumulating literature implicates GH-mediated signal transduction in the development and progression of a wide range malignancies including breast cancer. Recently autocrine human GH been demonstrated to be an orthotopically expressed oncogene for the human mammary gland. This review will highlight recent evidence linking GH and mammary carcinoma and discuss GH-antagonism as a potential therapeutic approach for treatment of breast cancer.

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Abbreviations

AZA:

5′-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine

Bcl2:

B-cell lymphoma protein 2

DNMT3A and 3B:

DNA methyltransferases 3A and 3B

EMT:

epitheliomesenchymal transition

eNOS:

endothelial nitric oxide synthase

bFGF:

basic fibroblast growth factor

GH:

growth hormone

hGH:

human growth hormone

GHR:

growth hormone receptor

hGHBP:

human growth hormone binding protein

HMEC:

human mammary epithelial cell

HOXA1:

homeobox A1

IGF-1:

insulin-like growth factor-1

IGF-1R:

insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor

JAK-2:

Janus kinase-2

LCR:

locus control region

MAPK:

mitogen activated protein kinase

MMP2 and 9:

metalloproteases 2 and 9

PD:

population doubling

PI3K:

phosphoinositide 3-kinase

rhGH:

recombinant human growth hormone

SDR:

spontaneous dwarf rat

SS:

somatostatin

SSTR2:

SS receptor 2

TEB:

terminal end bud

TFF1 and 3:

trefoil factor 1 and 3

VEGF-A:

vascular endothelial growth factor A

VEGFR1:

vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1

SDR:

spontaneous dwarf rat

SOD:

superoxide dismutase 1

SS:

somatostatin

Tsp1:

thrombospondin 1

TERT:

telomerase reverse transcriptase

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the Breast Cancer Research Trust of New Zealand (NZ), the Foundation of Research Science and Technology (NZ) and the Department of Defense, CDMRP (USA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 2–6 Park Avenue, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand

    Jo K. Perry, Kumarasamypet M. Mohankumar, B. Starling Emerald & Peter E. Lobie

  2. Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand

    Peter E. Lobie

  3. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5123, Physiologie Mole’culaire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 696222, Villeurbanne Cedex, France

    Hichem C. Mertani

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  1. Jo K. Perry
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  2. Kumarasamypet M. Mohankumar
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Perry, J.K., Mohankumar, K.M., Emerald, B.S. et al. The Contribution of Growth Hormone to Mammary Neoplasia. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 13, 131–145 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-008-9070-z

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