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Secretion and Fluid Transport Mechanisms in the Mammary Gland: Comparisons with the Exocrine Pancreas and the Salivary Gland

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Abstract

Milk is a complex fluid composed of proteins, sugars, lipids and minerals, in addition to a wide variety of bioactive molecules including vitamins, trace elements and growth factors. The composition of these components reflects the integrated activities of distinct synthetic, secretion and transport processes found in mammary epithelial cells, and mirrors the differing nutritional and developmental requirements of mammalian neonates. Five general pathways have been described for secretion of milk components. With the exception of lipids, which are secreted a unique pathway, milk components are thought to be secreted by adaptations of pathways found in other secretory organs. However little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms that constitute these pathways or the physiological mechanisms by which they are regulated. Comparisons of current secretion and transport models in the mammary gland, exocrine pancreas and salivary gland indicate that significant differences exist between the mammary gland and other exocrine organs in how proteins and lipids are packaged and secreted, and how fluid is transported.

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Acknowledgments

JLM, MER and ECT were supported by NIH grants P01 HD038129 (JLM, MER); R01 HD045965 (JLM); R01 DE015648 (MER); and R21 DK69702 (ECT). The authors thank Drs. M.C. Neville, D. Quissell, and F. Gorelick for helpful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center at Fitzsimons, Mail Stop 8309, P.O. Box 6511, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    James L. McManaman

  2. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center at Fitzsimons, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    James L. McManaman

  3. Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center at Fitzsimons, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Mary E. Reyland

  4. Graduate Program in Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center at Fitzsimons, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    James L. McManaman

  5. Graduate Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center at Fitzsimons, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    James L. McManaman & Mary E. Reyland

  6. Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center at Fitzsimons, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    James L. McManaman & Mary E. Reyland

  7. Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA

    Edwin C. Thrower

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  1. James L. McManaman
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Correspondence to James L. McManaman.

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McManaman, J.L., Reyland, M.E. & Thrower, E.C. Secretion and Fluid Transport Mechanisms in the Mammary Gland: Comparisons with the Exocrine Pancreas and the Salivary Gland. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 11, 249–268 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-006-9031-3

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