We suggest a “minimal model” for the 3D turbulent energy spectra in superfluids, based on their two-fluid description. We start from the Navier–Stokes equation for the normal fluid and from the coarse-grained hydrodynamic equation for the superfluid component (obtained from the Euler equation for the superfluid velocity after averaging over the vortex lines) and introduce a mutual friction coupling term, proportional to the counterflow velocity, the average superfluid vorticity and to the temperature dependent parameter q = α/(1 + α′), where α and α′ denote the dimensionless parameters characterizing the mutual friction between quantized vortices and the normal component of the liquid. We then derive the energy balance equations, taking into account the cross-velocity correlations. We obtain all asymptotical solutions for normal and superfluid energy spectra for limiting cases of small/big normal to superfluid density ratio and coupling. We discuss the applicability of our model to superfluid He II and to 3He-B.
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L’vov, V.S., Nazarenko, S.V. & Skrbek, L. Energy Spectra of Developed Turbulence in Helium Superfluids. J Low Temp Phys 145, 125–142 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-006-9230-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-006-9230-8