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A Review on Antibacterial Properties of Biologically Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanostructures

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Abstract

Anti-bacterial activity of biologically synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures has engrossed great attention around the globe due to distinctive nanotechnological applications. Biogenic ZnO nanostructures have prominent anti-bacterial properties as compared to bulk because small sized nanostructures exhibit larger surface area leading to improved particle surface-reactivity. This study reveals that biologically synthesized ZnO nanostructures are bio-compatible, stable and have longer shelf life due to presence of phytochemicals which acts as stabilizing and capping agents during synthesis process. The anti-bacterial mechanism of ZnO nanostructures includes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide H2O2, OH− and O2−2. The ROS provides major toxicity mechanism which includes destruction of cell wall due to interaction of ZnO nanostructures. Sometimes, ZnO nanostructures have increased anti-bacterial activity due to surface imperfections and ROS generation in dark. Interaction between ZnO nanostructures and bacterial cell causes mitochondrial weakness, intra-cellular outflow, and oxidative stress which eventually inhibits bacterial growth and kills the whole cell. This review describes anti-bacterial activity of biologically synthesized ZnO nanostructures by previously reported literature and tests used to examine anti-bacterial activity, influence of UV illumination, ZnO unique features i.e. size, concentration, morphology, and defects. Furthermore, it also presents significant anti-bacterial applications of ZnO nanostructures particularly in food packaging industry, pharmaceutical industry and other health care applications.

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  1. Mohsin Ijaz and Maria Zafar have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand

    Mohsin Ijaz

  2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, 50700, Gujrat, Pakistan

    Maria Zafar & Tahir Iqbal

  3. School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Atif Islam

  4. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan

    Sumera Afsheen

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  1. Mohsin Ijaz
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Ijaz, M., Zafar, M., Islam, A. et al. A Review on Antibacterial Properties of Biologically Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanostructures. J Inorg Organomet Polym 30, 2815–2826 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01603-9

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