Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Fumando La Piedra: Emerging Patterns of Crack Use Among Latino Immigrant Day Laborers in New Orleans

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The devastating effects of Hurricane Katrina have contributed to a dynamic demographic shift in the Latino composition of New Orleans. This article focuses on a particularly deleterious pattern of crack cocaine smoking associated with numerous social and health consequences. Utilizing a rapid assessment methodology, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 52 Latino immigrant day laborers in New Orleans. Findings reveal that the presence of a flourishing drug market has facilitated and maintained patterns of crack use including initiation and periods of daily use. Moreover, feelings of isolation and constant exposure to victimization due to day laborers’ marginal status are described as contributing to this use. This qualitative analysis reveals how social processes and contextual factors contribute to crack use among Latino day laborers in a post-disaster context. This study has important public health implications in the spread of HIV and other blood borne pathogens.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Fry R. Latino settlement in the new century. Houston: Pew Hispanic Center; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  2. United States Bureau of the Census, Metropolitan Area Population Estimates. 2000 Washington, D.C.

  3. Migration Policy Institute. The changing face of the gulf coast: immigration to Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, 2006. Retrieved from http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=368.

  4. Frey WH, Singer A, Park D. Resettling New Orleans: the first full picture from the census. Washington D.C: The Brookings Institution; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kissinger P, et al. HIV/STI Risk behaviors among Latino migrant workers in New Orleans post-hurricane Katrina disaster. Sex Transm Dis. 2008;35(11):924–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Aguirre B. The lack of warnings before the Saragosa Tornado. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters. 1988;6(1):65–74.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Donner W, Rodriguez H. Population composition, migration and inequality: the influence of demographic changes on disaster risk and vulnerability. Soc Forces. 2008;87(2):1089–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Enarson E, Morrow BH. A gendered perspective: the voices of women. In: Peackock WG, Morrow BH, Gladwin H, editors. Hurricane Andrew: ethnicity, gender, and the sociology of disasters. Miami, FL: International Hurricane Center, Laboratory for Social and Behavioral Research; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Dunlap E, Johnson BD, Morse E. Illicit drug markets among New Orleans evacuees before and soon after Hurricane Katrina. J Drug Issues. 2007;37(4):981–1006.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Warner LA, et al. Hispanic drug abuse in an evolving cultural context: an agenda for research. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006;84(1):S8–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Paz-Bailey G, et al. Syphilis outbreak among Hispanic immigrnats in Decatur, Alabama: association with commercial sex. Sex Transm Dis. 2004;31(1):20–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Weatherby NL, et al. Immigration and HIV among migrant workers in Rural Southern Florida. J Drug Issues. 1997;27(1):155–72.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Shannon K, et al. HIV and HCV Prevalence and gender-specific risk profiles of crack cocaine smokers and dual users of injection drugs. Subst Use Misuse. 2008;43:521–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Tortu S, et al. Sharing of noninjection drug-use implements as a risk factor for hepatitis C. Subst Use Misuse. 2004;39(2):211–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Tortu S, et al. Hepatitis C among noninjection drug users: a report. Subst Use Misuse. 2001;36(4):523–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Chaisson M, et al. Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 associated withthe use of smokeable freebase cocaine (crack). AIDS J. 1991;5(9):1121–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Jones D, et al. The high-risk sexual pratices of crack-smoking sex workers recruited from th streets of three American cities. Sex Transm Dis. 1998;25(4):187–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Ross M, et al. Cocaine use and syphilis trends: findings from the arrestee drug abuse monitoring (ADAM) program and syphilis epidemiology in Houston. Am J Addict. 2006;15:473–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Fitch C, et al. Rapid assessment: an international review of diffusion, practice and outcomes in the substance use field. Soc Sci Med. 2004;59:1819–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Rhodes T, et al. Rapid assessment, injecting drug use and public health. Lancet. 1999;354:65–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Needle RH, et al. Rapid assessment of the HIV/AIDS crisis in racial and ethnic minority communities: an approach for timely community interventions. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(6):970–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Lopez GI, et al. Translation barriers in conducting qualitative research with Spanish speakers. Qual Health Res. 2008;18(12):1729–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Bailey KB. Typologies and taxonomies: an introduction to classification techniques. In: Lewis-Beck MS, editor. Quantitative applications in the social sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 1994. p. 7–102.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Organista KC, Kubo A. Pilot survey of HIV risk and contextual problems and issues in Mexican/Latino migrant day laborers. J Immigr Health. 2005;7:269–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Valenzuela AJ. Day labor work. Ann Rev Sociol. 2003;29:307–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Hunter M. Several teens linked to metairie robberies and break-ins. In: The Times Picayune. New Orleans; 2008.

  27. Londono E, Vargas T. Robbers stalk hispanic immigrants, seeing ideal prey. In: Washington Post. Washington D.C.; 2007 p. A01.

  28. Nossiter A. Day laborers are easy prey in New Orleans In: New York Times. New York City; 2009.

  29. Chitwood DD, Comerford M, Sanchez J. Prevalence and risk factors for HIV among sniffers, short-term injectors, and long-term injectors of heroin. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2003;35(4):445–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Gyarmathy VA, et al. Risk correlates of prevalent HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among noninjecting heroin users. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002;30:448–56.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Sanchez J, et al. High risk sexual behaviors among heroin sniffers who have no history of injection drug use: implications for HIV risk reduction. AIDS Care. 2002;14(3):391–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Results from the 2007 National Survey on Drug use and Health: National Findings. 2008, Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-34, DHHS Publication No. SMA 08-4343: Rockville, MD.

  33. Aral SO, et al. Sexual mixing patterns in the spread of gonococcal and chlamydial infections. Am J Public Health. 1999;89(6):825.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Gorbach PM, Drumright LN, Holmes KK. Discord, discordance, and concurrency: comparing individual and partnership-level analyses of new partnerships of young adults at risk of sexually transmitted infections. Sex Transm Dis. 2005;32(1):7–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Funding for this study was provided by the National Institute on Drug Abuse Grant 3 R01 DA021852-03; the NIDA had no further role in study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Avelardo Valdez.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Valdez, A., Cepeda, A., Negi, N.J. et al. Fumando La Piedra: Emerging Patterns of Crack Use Among Latino Immigrant Day Laborers in New Orleans. J Immigrant Minority Health 12, 737–742 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-009-9300-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-009-9300-5

Keywords

Navigation