Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The Effectiveness of a Community Health Program in Improving Diabetes Knowledge in the Hispanic Population: Salud y Bienestar (Health and Wellness)

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Community Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We evaluated the effectiveness of the Salud y Bienestar program to deliver diabetes education in the Hispanic population in the United States. This program uses a community outreach model where community health promoters are trained and then they deliver education to other community members regarding diabetes disease, risk factors, and ways to prevent and control disease. This intervention applies a one-group pre- and post-test design to improve diabetes knowledge. The intervention carried out in the states of California, Texas, and Washington DC. A total of 1,413 participants were enrolled. Of these, 73 % were females, 46 % were 65 years or older, 59 % were Mexican, 64 % had at least elementary education, 56 % had lived in the US for more than 20 years, and 38 % participants were self-reported diabetic. Among diabetic participants, a significant improvement was observed on diabetes knowledge when comparing pre- and post-test scores (13.7 vs. 18.6, P < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 1.2). Among non-diabetic participants, diabetes knowledge also increased significantly after one-single training session (12.9 vs. 18.2, P < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 1.2). The Salud y Bienestar program conducted by community health workers was effective approach to improving diabetes knowledge in the Hispanic population.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mitchell, N. S., Catenacci, V. A., Wyatt, H. R., & Hill, J. O. (2011). Obesity: Overview of an epidemic. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 34, 717–732.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Yngve, A., Tseng, M., Haapala, I., Hodge, A., & McNeill, G. (2011). The epidemic of obesity publications, award to legend and more. Public Health Nutrition, 14, 1–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Aller, E. E., Abete, I., Astrup, A., Martinez, J. A., & van Baak, M. A. (2011). Starches, sugars and obesity. Nutrients, 3, 341–369.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R., McDowell, M. A., Tabak, C. J., & Flegal, K. M. (2006). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 295, 1549–1555.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Flegal, K. M., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Ogden, C. L. (2012). Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999–2010. JAMA, 307, 491–497.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Egede, L. E., & Dagogo-Jack, S. (2005). Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: Focus on ethnic minorities. Medical Clinics of North America, 89, 949–975.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Fletcher, B., Gulanick, M., & Lamendola, C. (2002). Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 16, 17–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Smith, C. A., & Barnett, E. (2005). Diabetes-related mortality among Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans in the United States. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica, 18, 381–387.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Tripp-Reimer, T., Choi, E., Kelley, L. S., & Enslein, J. C. (2001). Cultural barriers to care: Inverting the problem. Diabetes Spectrum, 14, 13–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. The State of Diabetes Among Hispanics. (2010). The national alliance for hispanic health. Washington, DC: The State of Diabetes Among Hispanics.

  11. Cusi, K., & Ocampo, G. L. (2011). Unmet needs in Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Medicine, 124(suppl 1), S2–S9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Perez, L., & Martinez, J. (2008). Community health workers: Social justice and policy advocates for community health and well-being. American Journal of Public Health, 98, 11–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Brownstein, J. N., Bone, L. R., Dennison, C. R., Hill, M. N., Kim, M. T., & Levine, D. M. (2005). Community health workers as interventionists in the prevention and control of heart disease and stroke. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 29, 128–133.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Westrasmus, E. K., Pineda-Reyes, F., Tamez, M., & Westfall, J. M. (2012). Promotores de salud and community health workers: An annotated bibliography. Family & Community Health, 35, 172–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Livaudais, J. C., Coronado, G. D., Espinoza, N., Islas, I., Ibarra, G., & Thompson, B. (2010). Educating Hispanic women about breast cancer prevention: Evaluation of a home-based promotora-led intervention. Journal of Womens Health (Larchmt), 19, 2049–2056.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. McEwen, M. M., Pasvogel, A., Gallegos, G., & Barrera, L. (2010). Type 2 diabetes self-management social support intervention at the U.S.-Mexico border. Public Health Nursing, 27, 310–319.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. O’Brien, M. J., Halbert, C. H., Bixby, R., Pimentel, S., & Shea, J. A. (2010). Community health worker intervention to decrease cervical cancer disparities in Hispanic women. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25, 1186–1192.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Balcazar, H. G., Byrd, T. L., Ortiz, M., Tondapu, S. R., & Chavez, M. (2009). A randomized community intervention to improve hypertension control among Mexican Americans: Using the promotoras de salud community outreach model. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 20, 1079–1094.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Liebman, A. K., Juárez, P. M., Leyva, C., & Corona, A. (2007). A pilot program using promotoras de salud to educate farmworker families about the risk from pesticide exposure. Journal of Agromedicine, 12, 33–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Zuvekas, A., Nolan, L., Tumaylle, C., & Griffin, L. (1999). Impact of community health workers on access, use of services, and patient knowledge and behavior. The Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 22, 33–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Castillo, A., Giachello, A., Bates, R., et al. (2010). Community-based diabetes education for Latinos: The diabetes empowerment education program. Diabetes Educator, 36, 586–594.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. NHCOA. Available at: www.nhcoa.org. Accessed June 1, 2013.

  23. Behi, R., & Nolan, M. (1966). Quasi-experimental research designs. British Journal of Nursing, 5, 1079–1081.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ember, M., Ember, C. R., & Skoggard, I. (2004). Encyclopedia of diasporas: Immigrant and refugee cultures around the world (2005th ed.). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Brach, C., & Chevarley, F. M. (2008). Demographics and health care access and utilization of limited-English-proficient and English-proficient Hispanics. Research Findings No. 28. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD.

  27. Orozco, L. J., Buchleitner, A. M., Gimenez-Perez, G., Roqué, I., Figuls, M., Richter, B., et al. (2008). Exercise or exercise and diet for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Systematic Review, 16, CD003054.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Valdez, R., Yoon, P. W., Liu, T., & Khoury, M. J. (2007). Family history and prevalence of diabetes in the US population: The 6-year results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2004). Diabetes Care, 30, 2517–2522.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Yoon, P. W., Scheuner, M. T., & Khoury, M. J. (2003). Research priorities for evaluating family history in the prevention of common chronic diseases. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 24, 128–135.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Oza-Frank, R., Stephenson, R., & Narayan, K. M. (2011). Diabetes prevalence by length of residence among US immigrants. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 13, 1–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Roshania, R., Venkat-Narayan, K. M., & Oza-Frank, R. (2008). Age at arrival and risk of obesity among US immigrants. Obesity, 16, 2669–2675.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Deitrick, L. M., Paxton, H. D., Rivera, A., Gertner, E. J., Biery, N., Letcher, A. S., et al. (2010). Understanding the role of the promotora in a Latino diabetes education program. Qualitative Health Research, 20, 386–399.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Kavin, M., Añel-Tiangco, R. M., Mauger, D. T., & Gabbay, R. A. (2010). Development and pilot of a low-literacy diabetes education book using social marketing techniques. Diabetes Therapy, 1, 93–102.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Wallace, A. S., Seligman, H. K., Davis, T. C., et al. (2009). Literacy-appropriate educational materials and brief counseling improve diabetes self-management. Patient Education and Counseling, 75, 328–333.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Joram, E., Roberts-Dobie, S., Mattison, S. J., et al. (2012). The numeracy demands of health education information: An examination of numerical concepts in written diabetes materials. Health Communication, 27, 344–355.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Simonds, V. W., Rudd, R. E., Sequist, T. D., & Colditz, G. (2011). An assessment of printed diabetes-prevention materials available to a Northern Plains tribe. Journal of Health Communication, 16, 431–447.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Ruggiero, L., Castillo, A., Quinn, L., & Hochwert, M. (2012). Translation of the diabetes prevention program’s lifestyle intervention: Role of community health workers. Current Diabetes Reports, 12, 27–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the entire field staff of the CBOs and all of the participants in this study. The authors also thank Marlene Guerrero for providing research support during the implementation of this intervention study and Sebastian-Santiago for technical assistance. This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Grant Number: U50/CCU325129-01-5).

Conflict of interest

None declared.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Hispanic Council on Aging, 734 15th Street NW Suite 1050, Washington, DC, 20005, USA

    Yanira Cruz, Maria-Eugenia Hernandez-Lane, Janet I. Cohello & Christian T. Bautista

Authors
  1. Yanira Cruz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maria-Eugenia Hernandez-Lane
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Janet I. Cohello
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Christian T. Bautista
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christian T. Bautista.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cruz, Y., Hernandez-Lane, ME., Cohello, J.I. et al. The Effectiveness of a Community Health Program in Improving Diabetes Knowledge in the Hispanic Population: Salud y Bienestar (Health and Wellness). J Community Health 38, 1124–1131 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-013-9722-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-013-9722-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation