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Recommendations for International Gambling Harm-Minimisation Guidelines: Comparison with Effective Public Health Policy

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Abstract

Problem gambling represents a significant public health problem, however, research on effective gambling harm-minimisation measures lags behind other fields, including other addictive disorders. In recognition of the need for consistency between international jurisdictions and the importance of basing policy on empirical evidence, international conventions exist for policy on alcohol, tobacco, and illegal substances. This paper examines the evidence of best practice policies to provide recommendations for international guidelines for harm-minimisation policy for gambling, including specific consideration of the specific requirements for policies on Internet gambling. Evidence indicates that many of the public health policies implemented for addictive substances can be adapted to address gambling-related harms. Specifically, a minimum legal age of at least 18 for gambling participation, licensing of gambling venues and activities with responsible gambling and consumer protection strategies mandated, and brief interventions should be available for those at-risk for and experiencing gambling-related problems. However, there is mixed evidence on the effectiveness of limits on opening hours and gambling venue density and increased taxation to minimise harms. Given increases in trade globalisation and particularly the global nature of Internet gambling, it is recommended that jurisdictions take actions to harmonise gambling public health policies.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Addiction Research Institute Rotterdam (IVO) and Stichting Volksbond Rotterdam for organizing/supporting the IVO Master Class Addiction 2012. The authors would also like to acknowledge the feedback and support provided by the Senior Researchers at the Master Class, in particular Rachel Volberg and Marc Potenza, as well as the Junior Researchers. Sally Gainsbury has received direct and indirect funding from companies and organisations associated with the gambling industry and organisations, including non-profit and government organisations, which receive direct and indirect funding from the gambling industry. Claire Wilkinson is partially supported by the Foundation for Alcohol Research and education, and independent, charitable organisation working to prevent the harmful use of alcohol in Australia www.fare.org.au.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Gambling Education and Research, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia

    Sally M. Gainsbury

  2. Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Matthijs Blankers & Janna Cousijn

  3. Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Matthijs Blankers

  4. Centre for Health and Society, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Claire Wilkinson

  5. Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Claire Wilkinson

  6. Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University/CAPHRI, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Karen Schelleman-Offermans

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  1. Sally M. Gainsbury
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  2. Matthijs Blankers
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  3. Claire Wilkinson
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  4. Karen Schelleman-Offermans
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  5. Janna Cousijn
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sally M. Gainsbury.

Additional information

Matthijs Blankers, Claire Wilkinson, Karen Schelleman-Offermans, Janna Cousijn contributed equally to the manuscript.

Conceptualization and writing of this manuscript was initiated during the IVO Master Class Addiction 2012 in The Hague/Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

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Gainsbury, S.M., Blankers, M., Wilkinson, C. et al. Recommendations for International Gambling Harm-Minimisation Guidelines: Comparison with Effective Public Health Policy. J Gambl Stud 30, 771–788 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9389-2

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