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A Preliminary Study of the Neural Correlates of the Intensities of Self-Reported Gambling Urges and Emotions in Men with Pathological Gambling

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Abstract

Although self-reported gambling urge intensities have clinical utility in the treatment of pathological gambling (PG), prior studies have not investigated their neural correlates. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted while 10 men with PG and 11 control comparison (CON) men viewed videotaped scenarios of gambling, happy or sad content. Participants rated the intensity of their emotions and motivations and reported the qualities of their responses. Relative to the CON group, the PG group reported similar responses to sad and happy scenarios, but stronger emotional responses and gambling urges when viewing the gambling scenarios. Correlations between self-reported responses and brain activations were typically strongest during the period of reported onset of emotional/motivational response and more robust in PG than in CON subjects for all conditions. During this epoch, corresponding with conscious awareness of an emotional/motivational response, subjective ratings of gambling urges in the PG group were negatively correlated with medial prefrontal cortex activation and positively correlated with middle temporal gyrus and temporal pole activations. Sadness ratings in the PG group correlated positively with activation of the medial orbitofrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and retrosplenial cortex, while self-reported happiness during the happy videos demonstrated largely inverse correlations with activations in the temporal poles. Brain areas identified in the PG subjects have been implicated in explicit, self-referential processing and episodic memory. The findings demonstrate different patterns of correlations between subjective measures of emotions and motivations in PG and CON subjects when viewing material of corresponding content, suggesting in PG alterations in the neural correlates underlying experiential aspects of affective processing.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Bruce Wexler and Todd Constable for their helpful feedback and suggestions. This research was supported by NIH grants R01 DA019039, RL1 AA017539, RL5 DA024858, the VA VISN1 MIRECC and REAP, UL1-DE19586 and the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research/Common Fund. This research was funded in part by a grant from the National Center for Responsible Gaming and its Institute for Research on Gambling Disorders.

Conflict of interest

All authors reported no conflict of interest in the content of this paper. Dr. Potenza has received financial support or compensation for the following: Dr. Potenza consults for and is an advisor to Boehringer Ingelheim; has financial interests in Somaxon; has received research support from the National Institutes of Health, Veteran’s Administration, Mohegan Sun Casino, the National Center for Responsible Gaming and its affiliated Institute for Research on Gambling Disorders, and Forest Laboratories pharmaceuticals; has participated in surveys, mailings or telephone consultations related to drug addiction, impulse control disorders or other health topics; has consulted for law offices on issues related to addictions or impulse control disorders; has provided clinical care in the Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services Problem Gambling Services Program; has performed grant reviews for the National Institutes of Health and other agencies; has guest-edited journal sections; has given academic lectures in grand rounds, CME events and other clinical or scientific venues; and has generated books or book chapters for publishers of mental health texts.

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  1. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, Rm 731, New Haven, CT, USA

    Iris M. Balodis

  2. Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Cheryl M. Lacadie

  3. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, Rm 726, New Haven, CT, USA

    Marc N. Potenza

  4. Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Marc N. Potenza

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Balodis, I.M., Lacadie, C.M. & Potenza, M.N. A Preliminary Study of the Neural Correlates of the Intensities of Self-Reported Gambling Urges and Emotions in Men with Pathological Gambling. J Gambl Stud 28, 493–513 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-011-9259-8

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