Abstract
The study examined whether and how characteristics of childhood sexual abuse and disclosure influenced three dimensions of psychosexual functioning—emotional, behavioral and evaluative—during adulthood. The sample included 165 adults who were sexually abused as children. The General Estimating Equation was used to test the relationship among the predictors, moderators and five binary outcomes: fear of sex and guilt during sex (emotional dimension), problems with touch and problems with sexual arousal (behavioral), and sexual satisfaction (evaluative). Respondents who were older when they were first abused, injured, had more than one abuser, said the abuse was incest, and told someone about the abuse were more likely to experience problems in at least one area of psychosexual functioning. Older children who told were more likely than younger children who told to fear sex and have problems with touch during adulthood. Researchers and practitioners should consider examining multiple dimensions of psychosexual functioning and potential moderators, such as response to disclosure.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arata, C. M. (2002). Child sexual abuse and sexual revictimization. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 136–142.
Bartoi, M. G., & Kinder, B. N. (1998). Effects of child and adult sexual abuse on adult sexuality. Journal of Sex & Martial Therapy, 24, 75–90.
Beitchman, J. H., Zucker, K. J., Hood, J. E., daCosta, G. A., & Akman, D. (1991). A review of the short-term effects of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 15, 537–556.
Berman, L. A., Berman, J. R., Bruck, D., Pawar, R. V., & Goldstein, I. (2001). Pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy?: effective treatment for FSD related to unresolved childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 27, 421–425.
Brown, L. K., Lourie, K. J., Zlotnick, C., & Cohn, J. (2000). Impact of sexual abuse on the HIV-risk-related behavior of adolescents in intensive psychiatric treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1413–1415.
Browning, C. R., & Laumann, E. O. (1997). Sexual contact between children and adults: a life course perspective. American Sociological Review, 62, 540–560.
Davis, J. L., & Petretic-Jackson, P. A. (2000). The impact of child sexual abuse on adult interpersonal functioning: a review and synthesis of the empirical literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5, 291–328.
Davis, J. L., Petretic-Jackson, P. A., & Ting, L. (2001). Intimacy dysfunction and trauma symptomatology: long-term correlates of different types of child abuse. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 63–79.
Dennerstein, L., Guthrie, J. R., & Alford, S. (2004). Childhood abuse and its association with mid-aged women’s sexual functioning. Journal of Sex and Martial Therapy, 30, 225–234.
Farley, M., & Keaney, J. (1997). Physical symptoms, somatization, and dissociation in women survivors of childhood sexual assault. Women & Health, 25, 33–45.
Finkelhor, D., & Browne, A. (1985). The traumatic impact of child sexual abuse: a conceptualization. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 55, 530–541.
Fleming, J., Mullen, P. E., Sibthorpe, B., & Bammer, G. (1999). The long-term impact of child sexual abuse in Australian women. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23, 145–159.
Follette, V. M. (1994). Survivors of child sexual abuse: treatment using contextual analysis. In S. C. Hayes, N. S. Jacobson, V. M. Follette, & M. Dougher (Eds.), Acceptance and change: Content and context in psychotherapy (pp. 225–268). Reno: Context Press.
Friesen, M. D., Woodward, L. J., Horwood, L. J., & Fergusson, D. M. (2010). Childhood exposure to sexual abuse and partnership outcomes at age 30. Psychological Medicine: A Journal of Research in Psychiatry and the Allied Sciences, 40, 679–688.
Greenberg, L. S., & Paivio, S. (1997). Working with emotions in psychotherapy. New York: Guildford.
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: a functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 1152–1168.
Holmes, W. C. (2008). Men’s self-definitions of abusive childhood sexual experiences and potentially related risky behavioral and psychriatric outcomes. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32, 83–97.
Hunter, S. V. (2006). Understanding the complexity of child sexual abuse: a review of the literature with implications for family counseling. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 14, 349–358.
Jehu, D. (1988). Beyond sexual abuse: Therapy with women who were sexual abuse victims. New York: Wiley.
Katz, J., & Tirone, V. (2008). Childhood sexual abuse predicts women’s unwanted sexual interactions and sexual satisfaction in adult romantic relationships. In M. J. Smith (Ed.), Child sexual abuse: Issues and challenges (pp. 67–86). Hauppauge: Nova Science.
Kendall-Tackett, K. A., Williams, L. M., & Finkelhor, D. (1993). Impact of sexual abuse on children. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 164–180.
Kinzl, J. F., Traweger, C., & Biebel, W. (1995). Sexual dysfunctions: relationship to childhood sexual abuse and early family experiences in a nonclinical sample. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19, 785–792.
Knutson, J. F. (1995). Psychological characteristics of maltreated children: putative risk factors and consequences. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 401–431.
Krahé, B. (2000). Childhood sexual abuse and revictimization in adolescence and adulthood. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 5, 149–165.
Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
LeMieux, S. R., & Byers, E. S. (2008). The sexual well-being of women who have experienced child sexual abuse. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32, 126–144.
Leonard, L. M., & Follette, V. M. (2002). Sexual functioning in women reporting a history of child sexual abuse: review of the empirical literature and clinical implications. Annual Review of Sex Research, 13, 346–388.
Leonard, L. M., Iverson, K. M., & Follette, V. M. (2008). Sexual functioning and sexual satisfaction among women who report a history of childhood and/or adolescent sexual abuse. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 34, 375–384.
Loeb, T. B., Williams, J. K., Carmona, J. V., Rivkin, I., Wyatt, G. E., Chin, D., et al. (2002). Child sexual abuse: review of the empirical literature and clinical implications. Annual Review of Sex Research, 13, 307–345.
McClellan, J., McCurry, C., Ronnei, M., Adams, J., Eisner, A., & Storck, M. (1996). Age of onset of sexual abuse: relationship to sexually inappropriate behaviors. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1375–1383.
Meston, C. M., Heiman, J. R., & Trapnell, P. D. (1999). The relation between early abuse and adult sexuality. The Journal of Sex Research, 36, 385–395.
Meston, C., Rellini, A., & Heiman, J. (2006). Women’s history of sexual abuse, their sexuality, and sexual self-schemas. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 229–236.
Mullen, P. E., Martin, J. L., Anderson, J. C., Romans, S. E., & Herbison, G. P. (1994). The effect of child sexual abuse on social, interpersonal and sexual function in adult life. British Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 35–47.
Najman, J. M., Dunne, M. P., Purdle, D. M., Boyle, F. M., & Coxeter, P. M. (2005). Sexual abuse in childhood and sexual dysfunction in adulthood. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 24, 517–526.
Noll, J. G., Trickett, P. K., & Putnam, F. W. (2003). A prospective investigation of the impact of child sexual abuse on the development of sexuality. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 71, 575–586.
O’Leary, P., Coohey, C., & Easton, S. D. (2010). The effect of severe child sexual abuse and disclosure on mental health during adulthood. The Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 19, 275–289.
Polusny, M. A., & Follette, V. M. (1995). Long-term correlates of child sexual abuse: theory and review of the empirical literature. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 4, 143–166.
Putnam, F. W. (2003). Ten-year research update review: child sexual abuse. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 269–278.
Reissing, E. D., Binik, Y. M., Khalife, S., Cohen, D., & Amsel, R. (2003). Etiological correlates of vaginismus: sexual and physical abuse, sexual knowledge, sexual self-schema, & relationship adjustment. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 29, 47–59.
Rellini, A., & Meston, C. (2007). Sexual function and satisfaction in adults based on the definition of child sexual abuse. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 4, 1312–1321.
Sarwer, D. B., & Durlak, J. A. (1996). Child sexual abuse as a predictor of adult sexual dysfunction: a study of couples seeking sex therapy. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, 963–972.
Sikkema, K. J., Hansen, N. B., Meade, C. S., Kochman, A., & Fox, A. M. (2009). Psychosocial predictors of sexual HIV transmission risk behavior among HIV-positive adults with a sexual abuse history in childhood. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 30, 121–134.
Spataro, J., Moss, S. A., & Wells, D. L. (2001). Child sexual abuse: a reality for both sexes. Australian Psychologist, 36, 177–183.
Westerlund, E. (1992). Women’s sexuality after childhood incest. New York: W.W. Norton.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the study participants and the staff at the Centres Against Sexual Assault in Victoria, Australia.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Easton, S.D., Coohey, C., O’leary, P. et al. The Effect of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Psychosexual Functioning During Adulthood. J Fam Viol 26, 41–50 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-010-9340-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-010-9340-6