Abstract
The X-ray emission properties of oxygen plasmas are numerically investigated using corona plasma equilibrium model. The Lee model is here modified to include oxygen in addition to other gases. It is then applied to characterize the Rico Plasma Focus (1 kJ), finding a oxygen soft X-ray yield (Ysxr) of 0.04 mJ in its typical operation. Keeping the bank parameters and operational voltage unchanged but systematically changing other parameters, numerical experiments were performed finding the optimum combination of pressure = 3 Torr, anode length = 1.5 cm and anode radius = 1.29 cm. The optimum Ysxr was 43 mJ. Thus we expect to increase the oxygen Ysxr of PF-1 kJ thousand-fold from its present typical operation; without changing the capacitor bank, merely by changing the electrode configuration and operating pressure. The modified version of the Lee model code is also used to run numerical experiments with oxygen gas, for optimizing the oxygen soft X-ray yield on the new plasma focus device PF-SY2 (2.8 kJ). The static inductance L0 of the capacitor bank is progressively reduced to assess the effect on pinch current Ipinch. The experiments confirm the Ipinch, limitation effect in plasma focus, where there is an optimum L0 below which although the peak total current, Ipeak, continues to increase progressively with progressively reduced inductance L0, the Ipinch and consequently the soft X-ray yield, Ysxr, of that plasma focus would not increase, but instead decreases. The obtained results indicate that reducing the present L0 of the PF-SY2 device will increase the oxygen soft X-ray yield till the maximum value after that the Ysxr will decrease with Ipinch decreasing.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Lee, in Radiations in Plasmas, ed. by B. McNamara (World Scientific, Singapore, 1984), pp. 978–987
S. Lee et al., Am. J. Phys. 56, 62 (1988)
T.Y. Tou, S. Lee, K.H. Kwek, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 17, 311 (1989)
S. Lee, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 19, 912 (1991)
A. Serban, S. Lee, J. Plasma Phys. 60, 3–15 (1998)
S. Lee, A. Serban, IEEE Trans. Plasma. Sci. 24, 1101–1105 (1996)
J.B. Ali, Development and studies of a small plasma focus PhD thesis, University Technology Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1990
D.E. Potter, Nucl. Fusion 18(6), 813–823 (1978)
M.H. Liu et al., IEEE Trans. Plasma. Sci. 26, 135–140 (1998)
S. Lee et al., IEEE Trans. Plasma. Sci. 26, 1119–1126 (1998)
S. Bing, Plasma dynamics and X-ray emission of the plasma focus, PhD thesis NIE ICTP Open Access Archive: http://eprints.ictp.it/99/, 2000
S. Lee, http://ckplee.myplace.nie.edu.sg/plasmaphysics/, (2000–2009)
S. Lee, ICTP Open Access Archive: http://eprints.ictp.it/85/13, (2005)
S. Lee, Twelve years of UNU/ICTP PFF—A Review IC, 98 (231) ICTP, Miramare, Trieste; ICTP OAA: http://eprints.ictp.it/31/, (1998)
S.V. Springham et al., Plasma Phys. Control Fusion 42, 1023–1032 (2000)
A. Patran et al., Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 14(3), 549–560 (2005)
M.A. Mohammadi, S. Sobhanian, C.S. Wong, S. Lee, P.Lee and R.S. Rawat, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42, 045203 (2009)
E.P. Bogolyubov et al., Phys. Scripta. 57, 488–494 (1998)
V. Siahpoush et al., Plasma Phys. Control Fusion 47, 1065 (2005)
L. Soto et al., Braz. J. Phys. 34, 1814 (2004)
D. Wong et al., Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 16, 116–123 (2007)
S. Lee et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 111501 (2008)
S. Lee et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 021503 (2008)
S. Lee et al., Plasma Phys. Control Fusion 50 065012 (2008)
S. Lee and S.H. Saw, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 076102, (2009)
M. Akel, Sh. Al-Hawat, S. Lee, J. Fusion Energ. (2009). doi: 10.1007/s10894-009-9238-6, published online 21 Aug
S. Lee, Radiative Dense Plasma Focus Computation Package: RADPF, http://www.intimal.edu.my/school/fas/UFLF/. http://www.plasmafocus.net/IPFS/modelpackage/File1RADPF.htm. (October 2009)
L. Rico, B.J. Gomez, J.N. Feugeas, O.de Sanctis, Appl. Surf. Sci. 254, 193–196 (2007)
L. Rico, B.J. Gomez, M. Stachoitti, N. Pellegri, J.N. Feugeas, O.de Sanctis, Braz. J. Phys. 36(3), 1009–1012 (2006)
http://physics.nist.gov/ NIST Atomic Spectra Database Levels Data, (September 2009)
S. Lee, Aust. J. Phys. 36, 891 (1983)
M.H. Liu, Soft X-ray from compact plasma focus. PhD thesis, School of Science, Nanyang Technological University, December 1996
M. Akel, Sh. Al-Hawat, S. Lee, J. Fusion Energ. 28(4), 355–363 (2009)
E.H. Beckner, J. Appl. Phys. 37, 4944 (1966)
W.H. Bostic, V. Nardi, W. Prior, J. Plasma Phys. 8, 1 (1972)
S.H. Al-Hawat, S. Saloum, Contrib. Plasma Phys. 49(2), 5–14 (2009)
S.H. Saw et al., IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 37(7), 1276–1282 (2009)
S. Lee et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 51, 105013 (2009)
S. Lee, Plasma Phys. Control Fusion 50, 105005 (2008)
S. Lee et al., J. Fusion Energ. 27(4), 292 (2008)
http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?groupid=67696&packageid=130007&releaseid=500277, (2009)
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Director General of AECS, for encouragement and permanent support. The authors express thanks and appreciation to Dr. L. Rico (Instituto de Fı’sica Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Bvrd. 27 de Febrero 210 Bis, S2000EZP Rosario, Argentina) who provided the Rico Plasma focus (1 kJ) parameters and the measured derivative current waveform of the plasma focus operating with oxygen filling gas. M. Akel would also like to express thanks to Mrs. Sheren Isamael, who collaborated going through all the numerical experiments using Lee Model.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Akel, M., Al-Hawat, S., Saw, S.H. et al. Numerical Experiments on Oxygen Soft X-Ray Emissions from Low Energy Plasma Focus Using Lee Model. J Fusion Energ 29, 223–231 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10894-009-9262-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10894-009-9262-6