Skip to main content
Log in

Attitudes towards inheritance taxation – results from a survey experiment

  • Published:
The Journal of Economic Inequality Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Inheritance taxation divides public opinion and is among the most unpopular taxes in many countries, although only a minority of people have to pay it. Using a survey experiment with vignettes on a sample of German citizens (N = 479), we examine attitudes towards inheritance taxation. Our results reveal several relevant dimensions for a proposed fair inheritance tax rate (PITR): The PITR decreases with a close relationship between testator and heir and when the asset is a family-occupied house or family enterprise compared with a “lump sum”. It increases with the value of bequest and income of the heir representing equity considerations. Respondents advocate higher tax rates to reduce fiscal budget deficits. Respondents with a strong family orientation propose a low inheritance tax rate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Albertini, M., Kohli, M., Vogel, C.: Intergenerational transfers of time and money in European families: common patterns – different regimes. J. Eur. Soc. Policy 17(4), 319–334 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albertini, M., Radl, J.: Intergenerational transfers and social class: inter-vivos transfers as means of status reproduction. Acta. Sociol. 55(2), 107–123 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alesina, A., Angeletos, G.-M.: Fairness and redistribution. Am. Econ. Rev. 95(4), 960–980 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alesina, A., Cozzi, G., Mantovan, N.: The evolution of ideology, fairness and redistribution. Econ. J. 122(565), 1244–1261 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alesina, A., Giuliano, P.: Preferences for redistribution. In: Bisin, A., Benhabib, J. (eds.) Handbook of Social Economics, pp. 93–132. North Holland, San Diego Amsterdam (2011)

  • Alesina, A., La Ferrara, E.: Preferences for redistribution in the land of opportunities. J. Public Econ. 89(5-6), 897–931 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alm, J., McClelland, G.H., Schulze, W.D.: Why do people pay taxes? J. Public Econ. 48(1), 21–38 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alstott, A.L.: Equal opportunity and inheritance taxation. Harvard Law Rev. 121(2), 469–542 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Alstott, A.L.: Family values, inheritance law, and inheritance taxation. Tax Law Rev. 63(1), 123–137 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Alves, W.M., Rossi, P.H.: Who should get what? Fairness judgements or the distribution of earnings. Am. J. Sociol. 84(3), 541–564 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Auspurg, K., Hinz, T.: Factorial Survey Experiments. Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences. Sage, Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC, Boston (2015)

  • Barone, G., Mocetti, S.: Tax morale and public spending inefficiency. Int. Tax Public Finan. 18(6), 724–749 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beckert, J.: Inherited Wealth. Princeton University Press, Princeton (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bengtson, V.L.: Beyond the nuclear family: the increasing importance of multigenerational bonds. J. Marriage Fam. 63(1), 1–16 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Black, S.E., Devereux, P.J.: Recent developments in intergenerational mobility. In: Card, D., Ashenfelter, O. (eds.) Handbook of Labor Economics, vol.4, pp. 1487–1541. Elsevier Amsterdam (2011)

  • Black, S.E., Devereux, P.J., Lundborg, P., Majlesi, K.: Poor little rich kids? The determinants of the intergenerational transmission of wealth. Knut Wicksell Working Paper 6, School of Economics and Management, Lund (2015)

  • Bourdieu, P.: On the family as a realized category. Theor. Cult. Soc. 13(3), 19–26 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bundesministerium der Finanzen: (BMF) Kassenmäßige Steuereinnahmen nach Steuerarten in den Kalenderjahren 201–2012. http://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/DE/Standardartikel/Themen/Steuern/Steuerschaetzungen_und_Steuereinnahmen/2016-05-24-steuereinnahmen-nach-steuerarten-2010-2015.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4 cited 18 Apr 2014 (2014)

  • Clark, G., Cummins, N.: Intergenerational wealth mobility in England, 1858–2012: Surnames and social mobility. Econ. J. 125(582), 61–85 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corak, M.: Income inequality, equality of opportunity, and intergenerational mobility. J. Econ. Perspect. 27(3), 79–102 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cremer, H., Pestieau, P.: Wealth transfer taxation: a survey of the theoretical literature. In: Kolm, S.-C., Ythier, J.M. (eds.) Handbook of the Economics of Giving, Altruism and Reciprocity: Applications, pp. 1107–1134. Elsevier Amsterdam (2006)

  • Durante, R., Putterman, L., Weele, J.: Preferences for redistribution and perception of fairness: an experimental study. J. Eur. Econ. Assoc. 12(4), 1059–1086 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellman, I.M., Braver, S., MacCoun, R.J.: Intuitive lawmaking: the example of child support. J. Empir. Leg. Stud. 6(1), 69–109 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • European Commission: Cross-country review of taxes on wealth and transfers of wealth https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/sites/taxation/files/docs/body/2014_eu_wealth_tax_project_finale_report.pdf (2014)

  • Gale, W.G., Slemrod, J.B.: Rethinking the estate and gift tax: overview. NBER Paper series, vol. 8205. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge (2001)

  • Gerlitz, J.-Y.: Distributive Gerechtigkeit in der Familie. Zur Integration sozialer und persönlicher Faktoren bei der Erklärung von Präferenzen von Familienideologien. Berl. J. Soziol. 18(4), 623–648 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Göritz, A.S.: Determinants of the starting rate and the completion rate in online panel studies. In: Callegaro, M., Baker, R., Bethlehem, J., Göritz, A.S., Krosnick, J.A., Lavrakas, P.J. (eds.) Online Panel Research: A Data Quality Perspective, pp. 154–170. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2014)

  • Graetz, M.J., Shapiro, I.: Death by a Thousand Cuts: The Fight over Taxing Inherited Wealth. Princeton University Press, Princeton (2011)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Houben, H., Maiterth, R.: Inheritance tax-exempt transfer of German businesses: imperative or unjustified subsidy – An empirical analysis. Arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research, No. 95. Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre, Berlin (2009)

  • Jaime-Castillo, A.M., Sáez-Lozano, J.L.: Preferences for tax schemes in OECD countries, self-interest and ideology. Int. Pol. Sci. Rev. 37(1), 81–98 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jasso, G., Opp, K.-D.: Probing the character of norms: a factorial survey analysis of the norms of political action. Am. Sociol. Rev. 62(6), 947–964 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplow, L.: Taxation. In: Polinsky, A.M., Shavell, S. (eds.) Handbook of Law and Economics, vol.1, pp. 647–756. Elsevier, Amsterdam, London (2007)

  • Kirchler, E., Hoelzl, E., Wahl, I.: Enforced versus voluntary tax compliance: the “slippery slope” framework. J. Econ. Psychol. 29(2), 210–225 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krawczyk, M.: A glimpse through the veil of ignorance: equality of opportunity and support for redistribution. J. Public. Econ. 94(1-2), 131–141 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lettke, F.: Subjektive Bedeutungen des Erbens und Vererbens. Ergebnisse des Konstanzer Erbschafts-Surveys. Z. Soziol. Erzieh. Sozi. 24(3), 277–302 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mankiw, N.G., Weinzierl, M., Yagan, D.: Optimal taxation in theory and practice. J. Econ. Perspect. 23(4), 147–174 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moon, M.: How do Americans feel about taxes today? Tax Foundation’s 2009 survey of U.S. attitudes on taxes, government spending and wealth distribution. Tax Foundation Special Report No 166. Tax Foundation, Washington DC (2009)

  • Musgrave, R.A.: Cost-benefit analysis and the theory of public finance. J. Econ. Lit. 7(3), 797–806 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mutz, D.C.: Population-Based Survey Experiments. Princeton University Press, Princeton (2011)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • OECD: Revenue Statistics - OECD Member Countries: Tax revenue as percentage of GDP http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?QueryId=21699%23 cited 18 Apr 2014 (2014)

  • Prabhakar, R.: Wealth taxes: stories, metaphors and public attitudes. Polit. Quart. 79(2), 172–178 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prabhakar, R., Rowlingson, K., White, S.: How to Defend Inheritance Tax. Fabian Society, London (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Raudenbush, S.W., Bryk, A.S., Congdon, R.: HLM 6 for Windows [Computer software]. Scientific Software International Inc., Lincolnwood (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutström, E.E., Williams, M.B.: Entitlements and fairness. J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 43(1), 75–89 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schrenker, M., Wegener, B.: Was ist gerecht? Ausgewählte Ergebnisse aus dem International Social Justice Project 1991–2007. ISJP-Arbeitsbericht Nr. 150 Humboldt Universität Berlin (2007)

  • Sauer, C., Auspurg, K., Hinz, T., Liebig, S.: The application of factorial surveys in general population samples: The effects of respondent age and education on response times and response consistency. Surv. Res. Methods 5(3), 89–102 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Solon, G.: Intergenerational income mobility in the United States. Am. Econ. Rev. 82(3), 393–408 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistisches Bundesamt: Finanzen und Steuern: Erbschaft- und Schenkungsteuer, 2013. Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden (2014)

  • Stum, M.S.: Families and inheritance decisions: examining non-titled property transfers. J. Fam. Econ. Issues 21(2), 177–202 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szydlik, M.: Inheritance and inequality: theoretical reasoning and empirical evidence. Eur. Sociol. Rev. 20(1), 31–45 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teti, A., Gross, C., Knoll, N., Blüher, S.: Feasibility of the factorial survey method in aging research. Consistency effects among older respondents. Res. Aging 38(7), 715–741 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torgler, B.: Speaking to theorists and searching for facts: tax morale and tax compliance in experiments. J. Econ. Surv. 16(5), 657–683 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torgler, B., Demir, I.C., Macintyre, A., Schaffner, M.: Causes and consequences of tax morale: an empirical investigation. Econ. Anal. Policy 38(2), 313–339 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallander, L.: 25 years of factorial surveys in sociology: A review. Soc. Sci. Res. 38(3), 505–520 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, R., Pickett, K.: The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Stronger. Bloomsbury, New York (2010)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christiane Gross.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gross, C., Lorek, K. & Richter, F. Attitudes towards inheritance taxation – results from a survey experiment. J Econ Inequal 15, 93–112 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-016-9344-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-016-9344-4

Keywords

Navigation