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Identification of Sex Pheromone Components of the Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor

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Abstract

Coupled gas chromatographic (GC)–electroantennographic detection (EAD) analyses of ovipositor extract of calling Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, females revealed that seven compounds elicited responses from male antennae. Four of the compounds—(2S)-tridec-2-yl acetate, (2S,10Z)-10-tridecen-2-yl acetate, (2S,10E)-10-tridecen-2-yl acetate, and (2S,10E)-10-tridecen-2-ol—were identified previously in female extracts. Two new EAD-active compounds, (2S,8Z,10E)-8,10-tridecadien-2-yl acetate and (2S,8E,10E)-8,10-tridecadien-2-yl acetate, were identified by GC–mass spectroscopy (MS) and the use of synthetic reference samples. In a Y-tube bioassay, a five-component blend (1 ng (2S)-tridec-2-yl acetate, 10 ng (2S,10E)-10-tridecen-2-yl acetate, 1 ng (2S,10E)-10-tridecen-2-ol, 1 ng (2S,8Z,10E)-8,10-tridecadien-2-yl acetate, and 1 ng (2S,8E,10E)-8,10-tridecadien-2-yl acetate) was as attractive to male Hessian flies as a similar amount of female extract (with respect to the main compound, (2S,10E)-10-tridecen-2-yl acetate). The five-component blend was more attractive to male flies than a three-component blend lacking the two dienes. Furthermore, the five-component blend was more attractive than a blend with the same compounds but that contained one tenth the concentration of (2S,8E,10E)-8,10-tridecadien-2-yl acetate (more accurately mimicking the ratios found in female extract). This suggests that the ratios emitted by females might deviate from those in gland extracts. In a field-trapping experiment, the five-component blend applied to polyethylene cap dispensers in a 100:10 μg ratio between the main component and each of the other blend components attracted a significant number of male Hessian flies. Also, a small-plot field test demonstrated the attractiveness of the five-component blend to male Hessian flies and suggests that this pheromone blend may be useful for monitoring and predicting Hessian fly outbreaks in agricultural systems.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Thiago Benatti and Rajat Aggarwal (Dept. Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA) for insect rearing. We also thank Elin Isberg for assistance in rearing and Y-tube bioassays. Many thanks also to Gary Cramer (Sedgwick County Extension, Wichita, KS, USA) for field assistance and Ray Gagné (Dept. Entomology, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC, USA) for the identification of insects. This study was partly funded by USDA-NRI, grant #2004-03099 (J. J. Stuart) and by the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, grant FS-234 (M. N. Andersson). W. Francke acknowledges the support of the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden

    Martin N. Andersson & Ylva Hillbur

  2. Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany

    Jenny Haftmann, Stephan Franke & Wittko Francke

  3. Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Jeffrey J. Stuart

  4. USDA-ARS, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Sue E. Cambron

  5. Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA

    Marion O. Harris & Stephen P. Foster

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  1. Martin N. Andersson
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Correspondence to Ylva Hillbur.

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Andersson, M.N., Haftmann, J., Stuart, J.J. et al. Identification of Sex Pheromone Components of the Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor . J Chem Ecol 35, 81–95 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-008-9569-1

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