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Volatile Emissions from Aesculus hippocastanum Induced by Mining of Larval Stages of Cameraria ohridella Influence Oviposition by Conspecific Females

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Abstract

Larval stages of the horse chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella can completely destroy the surface of horse chestnut leaves, Aesculus hippocastanum. This study investigated the effect of the degree of leaf browning caused by the insect’s larvae on olfactory detection, aggregation, and oviposition of C. ohridella adults. The influence of A. hippocastanum flower scent on oviposition of the first generation was also evaluated. Utilizing gas chromatography coupled with parallel detection by mass spectrometry and electroantennography (GC-MS/EAD), more than 30 compounds eliciting responses from antennae of C. ohridella were detected. Oviposition and mining by C. ohridella caused significant changes in the profile of leaf volatiles of A. hippocastanum. After oviposition and subsequent mining by early larval stages (L1–L3), substances such as benzaldehyde, 1,8-cineole, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, methyl salicylate, (E)-β-caryophyllene, and (E,E)-α-farnesene were emitted in addition to the compounds emitted by uninfested leaves. Insects were able to detect these compounds. The emitted amount of these substances increased with progressive larval development. During late larval stages (L4, L5) and severe loss of green leaf area, (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal, (E/Z)-linalool oxide (furanoid), nonanal, and decanal were also released by leaves. These alterations of the profile of volatiles caused modifications in aggregation of C. ohridella on leaves. In choice tests, leaves in early infestation stages showed no significant effect on aggregation, whereas insects avoided leaves in late infestation stages. Further choice tests with leaves treated with single compounds led to the identification of substances mediating an increase or decrease in oviposition.

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Acknowledgments

A.B. Johne was supported by the evangelisches Studienwerk “e. V. Villigst”. We are grateful to Wolfgang Gieße (City of Goettingen), Volker Meng (forest botanical garden of Georg August University), and Martin Levin (Revierförsterei Hainberg) for appropriation of trees, to Roman Kaiser, Givaudan, Switzerland, for the gift of (E,E)-α-farnesene, and to Wilhelm Boland, Max Planck Institute Jena, Germany, for the gift of (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene. We thank the members of our Institute Miriam Rameckers, Jörg Berger, Kira Duntemann, Reinhold Dankworth, and Ulrike Eisenwiener for their assistance. Moreover, thanks to Stefan Schwab for literature. We also appreciate the useful suggestions of the anonymous reviewers.

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  1. Institute for Forest Zoology and Forest Conservation, Georg August University, Buesgenweg 3, 37077, Goettingen, Germany

    A. Bettina Johne, Bernhard Weissbecker & Stefan Schütz

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  1. A. Bettina Johne
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Correspondence to A. Bettina Johne.

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Johne, A.B., Weissbecker, B. & Schütz, S. Volatile Emissions from Aesculus hippocastanum Induced by Mining of Larval Stages of Cameraria ohridella Influence Oviposition by Conspecific Females. J Chem Ecol 32, 2303–2319 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-006-9146-4

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