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Do Naïve Ruminants Degrade Alkaloids in the Rumen?

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Abstract

Three different methods for the culture of rumen microorganisms (Hungate’s technique, the Hohenheim in vitro gas production method, and the semicontinuous rumen simulation technique) were employed to study the influence of various alkaloids (sparteine, lupanine, cytisine, atropine, quinidine, lobeline, harmaline, arecoline, nicotine, caffeine, pilocarpine, gramine, senecionine, and monocrotaline) on rumen microorganisms. Rumen microorganisms from naive ruminants (sheep, cattle) that had not been exposed to the alkaloids before were generally not able to degrade most of the alkaloids. Only the alkaloids pilocarpine, gramine, and monocrotaline appeared to be degradable. Rumen microorganisms from a sheep preconditioned to lupin alkaloids tolerated lupanine much better than nonadapted microorganisms, but no degradation occurred. The findings indicate that the main site of detoxification in naive ruminants is not the rumen but more likely the liver and kidneys as in nonruminants.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Rumen Laboratory at the Veterinary University of Hannover (TiHo) and Institute for Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics (University of Hohenheim) especially Dr. H.P.S. Makkar and Prof. Dr. K. Becker for their support and the possibility to carry out some of the experiments in their laboratories. R.A. thanks DAAD for a doctoral fellowship.

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  1. Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Ramón Aguiar & Michael Wink

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Aguiar, R., Wink, M. Do Naïve Ruminants Degrade Alkaloids in the Rumen?. J Chem Ecol 31, 761–787 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-3543-y

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