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Evaluation of respiratory rate monitoring using a microwave Doppler sensor mounted on the ceiling of an intensive care unit: a prospective observational study

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Abstract

Continuous monitoring of the respiratory rate is crucial in an acute care setting. Contact respiratory monitoring modalities such as capnography and thoracic impedance pneumography are prone to artifacts, causing false alarms. Moreover, their cables can restrict patient behavior or interrupt patient care. A microwave Doppler sensor is a novel non-contact continuous respiratory rate monitor. We compared respiratory rate measurements performed with a microwave Doppler sensor mounted on the ceiling of an intensive care unit with those obtained by conventional methods in conscious and spontaneously breathing patients. Participants’ respiratory rate was simultaneously measured by visual counting of chest wall movements for 60 s; a microwave Doppler sensor; capnography, using an oxygen mask; and thoracic impedance pneumography, using electrocardiogram electrodes. Bland–Altman analysis for repeated measures was performed to calculate bias and 95% limits of agreement between the respiratory rate measured by visual counting (reference) and that measured by each of the other methods. Among 52 participants, there were 336 (microwave Doppler sensor), 275 (capnography), and 336 (thoracic impedance pneumography) paired respiratory rate data points. Bias (95% limits of agreement) estimates were as follows: microwave Doppler sensor, 0.3 (− 6.1 to 6.8) breaths per minute (bpm); capnography, − 1.3 (− 8.6 to 6.0) bpm; and thoracic impedance pneumography, 0.1 (− 4.4 to 4.7) bpm. Compared to visual counting, the microwave Doppler sensor showed small bias; however, the limits of agreement were similar to those observed in other conventional methods. Our monitor and the conventional ones are not interchangeable with visual counting.

Trial registration number: UMIN000032021, March/30/2018

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Availability of data and material

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This study was supported by KONICA MINOLTA, INC (Tokyo, Japan). The microwave Doppler sensor used in this study was provided by KONICA MINOLTA, INC. The company was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, writing of the report, or decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan

    Hiroyuki Tanaka, Masashi Yokose, Shunsuke Takaki, Takahiro Mihara & Takahisa Goto

  2. Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanzawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan

    Takahiro Mihara

  3. Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan

    Yusuke Saigusa

Authors
  1. Hiroyuki Tanaka
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  2. Masashi Yokose
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  3. Shunsuke Takaki
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  4. Takahiro Mihara
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  5. Yusuke Saigusa
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  6. Takahisa Goto
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Contributions

HT: literature search, data collection, manuscript preparation, and manuscript review. MY: literature search, data collection, study design, data analysis, manuscript preparation, and manuscript review. ST: data collection, study design, and manuscript review. TM: study design, data analysis, manuscript preparation, and manuscript review. YS: study design, data analysis, and manuscript review. TG: study design and manuscript review.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Masashi Yokose.

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Conflict of interest

Shunsuke Takaki received funding for this study from KONICA MINOLTA, INC. The other authors have no competing interests to disclose.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Yokohama City University Hospital (Approval No.: B171200001).

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Previous presentations: Part of the data have been presented at the European Society of Anaesthesiology Congress 2019, Vienna, Austria, June 2019.

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Tanaka, H., Yokose, M., Takaki, S. et al. Evaluation of respiratory rate monitoring using a microwave Doppler sensor mounted on the ceiling of an intensive care unit: a prospective observational study. J Clin Monit Comput 36, 71–79 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-021-00733-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-021-00733-w

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