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Evaluation of Larvicidal and Repellent Activity of Nanocrystal Emulsion Synthesized from F. glomerata and Neem Oil Against Mosquitoes

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Abstract

Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Anopheles stephensi are the domestic vectors of tropical diseases include dengue, malaria, zika, filariasis. To control these vectors, ethnobotanical knowledge provides pragmatic solutions that are compatible with nature. Hence an attempt has been made to coalesce the ethnobotanical knowledge of tribes from Kadambur hills with the nano emulsification technology to formulate an herbal-based larvicidal and repellent nanocrystal emulsion. The ethanol extract from Ficus glomerata was used as the larvicidal and repellant agent against A. aegypti, C. quinquefasciatus and A. stephensi. For the improved stability, shelf life and sustained release of bioactive compounds, a novel methodology has been followed to synthesize nanocrystal emulsion. F. glomerata extract based nanocrystal emulsion (FON) was prepared by ultrasonication and characterized by Zeta potential (− 73.6 mV) and dynamic light scattering (104 nm), ATR-FTIR for the functional groups, high-resolution transmission electron microscope and selective area energy diffraction. The maximum shelf life was evaluated to be more than 3 years. The prepared nanocrystal emulsion was challenged for larvicidal and repellent activities against all the three species. The FON larvicidal results were comparable to the conventional neem oil based nanoemulsion and the repellant activity results were effective than the commercial formulation.

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Abbreviations

SAED:

Selected area energy diffraction

HLB:

Hydrophilic lipophilic balance

DG:

d-Galactose

PD:

Phenol 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)-

FL:

Flavone

NON:

Neem oil based nanocrystal emulsions

FON:

Ficus glomerata extract based nanocrystal emulsions

OR:

Odorant receptor

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Department of Science and Technology—Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB—File No. YSS/2014/000637) for funding our project. Authors are thankful to The South Indian Textile Research Association (SITRA), Coimbatore, India for their help in GC–MS instrumentation, Vector Control Research Centre (VCRC), Madurai, India for kindly providing us the mosquito larvae and Sophisticated Test & Instrumentation Centre (STIC), Cochin, India for the help in HR-TEM instrumentation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nano-Bio Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, 638401, India

    Abdul Azeez Nazeer, Haryanth Vaman Rajan & Sudarshana Deepa Vijaykumar

  2. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia

    Muthupandian Saravanan

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  1. Abdul Azeez Nazeer
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Correspondence to Sudarshana Deepa Vijaykumar.

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Nazeer, A.A., Rajan, H.V., Vijaykumar, S.D. et al. Evaluation of Larvicidal and Repellent Activity of Nanocrystal Emulsion Synthesized from F. glomerata and Neem Oil Against Mosquitoes. J Clust Sci 30, 1649–1661 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-019-01611-x

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