Abstract
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles has received considerable attention due to their cost-effective, eco-friendly and medicinal values. In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesised using the aqueous leaf extracts of Piper nigrum. TEM images revealed that the particle is spherical with 20–50 nm in size. Furthermore, to evaluate the toxicity of synthesized Ag NPs, fish Labeo rohita were exposed to two different concentrations (2.5 µg/L as the treatment I and 5 µg/L as treatment II) for 35 days, and antioxidant parameters and histology of gill, liver and kidney were examined. A biphasic response in the activity of glutathione S-transferases (GST) was observed in gill and liver of fish. GST activity in the kidney of fish was significantly increased when compared to control group. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity in organs/tissue of fish were found to be increased while peroxidase (POD) activity was significantly decreased. Histopathological changes such as hyperplasia, proliferation of epithelial cells and fusion of lamellae were observed in both the concentrations. In liver, necrosis, nuclear degeneration and dilation of sinusoids were observed. Subsequently, the representative effects of POD activity were assessed based on the Box–Behnken Equation, 3-D contour plot and ANOVA analysis through response surface methodology analysis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. Benelli and C. M. Lukehart (2017). J. Clust. Sci. 28, 1–2.
G. Benelli (2018). Acta Trop. 178, 73–80.
J. J. Wu, G. J. Lee, Y. S. Chen, and T. L. Hu (2012). Curr. Appl. Phys. 12, S89–S95.
E. Lombi, E. Donner, K. G. Scheckel, R. Sekine, C. Lorenz, N. V. Goetz, and B. Nowack (2014). Chemosphere 111, 352–358.
B. Nowack, K. F. Krug, and M. Height (2011). Environ. Sci. Technol. 45, 1177–1183.
R. M. S. T. Azarudeen, M. Govindarajan, A. Amsath, U. Muthukumaran, and G. Benelli (2017). J. Clust. Sci. 28, 179–203.
J. Dobson (2006). Nanomedicine 1, 31–37.
SCENIHR (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risk) (2014). European Commission, Luxembourg.
S. Shankar and J. W. Rhim (2015). Carbohydr. Polym. 130, 353–363.
B. Paul, B. Bhuyan, D. D. Purkayastha, and S. S. Dhar (2016). J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 154, 1–7.
G. Benelli, F. Maggi, R. Pavela, et al. (2017). Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res 1–23.
G. Benelli, R. Pavela, F. Maggi, R. Petrelli, and M. Nicoletti (2017). J. Clust. Sci. 28, 3–10.
V. Kumar, D. K. Singh, S. Mohan, and S. H. Hasan (2016). J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 155, 39–50.
G. Nahak and R. K. Sahu (2011). J. Appl. Pharma. Sci. 01, 153–157.
A. K. Tripathy, D. C. Jain, and S. Kumar (1996). J. Med. Aromat. Plant Sci. 18, 302–321.
N. Jayaprakash, J. J. Vijaya, L. J. Kennedy, K. Priadharsini, and P. Palani (2014). Mater. Lett. 137, 358–361.
B. Mohapatra, S. Kuriakose, and S. Mohapatra (2015). J. Alloys Compd. 637, 119–126.
K. D. Raner, C. R. Strauss, F. Vyskoc, and L. Mokbel (1997). J. Org. Chem. 58, 950.
S. A. Galema (1997). Chem. Soc. Rev. 26, 233.
P. V. Luoma (2008). Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 64, 841–850.
S. J. Klaine, P. J. J. Alvarez, G. E. Batley, T. F. Fernandes, R. D. Handy, D. Y. Lyon, S. Mahendra, M. J. McLaughlin, and J. R. Lead (2008). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 27, 1825–1851.
C. Carlson, S. M. Hussain, A. M. Schrand, L. K. Braydich-Stolle, K. L. Hess, R. L. Jones, and J. J. Schlager (2008). J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 13608–13619.
P. Gopinath, S. K. Gogoi, A. Chattopadhyay, and S. S. Ghosh (2008). Nanotechnology 19, 075104.
E. I. Mahdy, T. A. S. Eldin, H. S. Alyd, F. F. Mohammed, and M. I. Shaalan (2015). Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 67, 21–29.
M. Govindarajan, S. L. Hoti, M. Rajeswary, and G. Benelli (2017). Parasitol. Res. 115, 2685–2695.
M. Govindarajan, M. Rajeswary, U. Muthukumaran, S. L. Hoti, H. F. Khater, and G. Benelli (2016). J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 161, 482–489.
M. Govindarajan, H. F. Khater, C. Panneerselvam, and G. Benelli (2016). Res. Veter. Sci. 107, 95–101.
M. Govindarajan and G. Benelli (2016). Parasitol. Res. 115, 925–935.
G. Oberdörster, E. Oberdörster, and J. Oberdörster (2005). Environ. Health. Perspect. 113, 823–839.
K. Murugan, D. Nataraj, P. Madhiyazhagan, et al. (2016). Parasitol. Res. 115, 1071–1083.
R. Ishwarya, B. Vaseeharan, S. Shanthi, et al. (2017). J. Clust. Sci 28, 519–527.
B. Chandramohan, K. Murugan, C. Panneerselvam, et al. (2016). Parasitol. Res. 15, 1015–1025.
V. Sujitha, K. Murugan, D. Dinesh, et al. (2017). Aquat. Toxicol. 188, 100–108.
P. V. Asharani, N. G. Serina, M. H. Nurmawati, Y. L. Wu, Z. Gong, and S. Valiyaveettil (2008). J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 8, 3603–3609.
Y. J. Chae, C. H. Pham, J. Lee, E. Bae, J. Yi, and M. B. Gu (2009). Aquat. Toxicol. 94, 320–327.
M. S. Khan, F. Jabeen, N. A. Qureshi, M. S. Asghar, M. Shakeel, and A. Noureen (2015). J. Biodivers. Environ. Sci. 6, 211–227.
K. S. Rajkumar, N. Kanipandian, and R. Thirumurugan (2016). Appl. Nanosci. 6, 19–29.
M. S. Khan, N. A. Qureshi, and F. Jabeen (2017). Appl. Nanosci. 7, 167–179.
R. Govindasamy and A. A. Rahuman (2012). J. Environ. Sci. 24, 1091–1098.
V. Vignesh, K. F. Anbarasi, S. Karthikeyeni, G. Sathiyanarayanan, P. Subramanian, and R. Thirumurugan (2013). Colloids. Surf A. Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 439, 184–192.
C. Krishnaraj, L. Stacey, B. Harper, and S. Yun (2016). J. Hazard. Mater. 301, 480–491.
D. J. Finney, 3rd Ed (Charles Griffin, London, 1978).
W. H. Habig, M. J. Pabst, and W. B. Jakobi (1974). J. Biol. Chem. 249, 7130–7139.
M. David and J. S. Richard (1983). J Mariare GB (Ed) Verlag Chemic Weinheina Dec Field Beach Florida based P, 358.
K. P. Reddy, S. M. Subhani, P. A. Khan, and K. B. Kumar (1995). Plant. Cell. Physiol. 26, 987–994.
O. H. Lowry, N. J. Rosebrough, A. L. Farr, and R. J. Randall (1951). J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265–275.
D. Bancroft and A. Stevens (Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, London, 1982), p. 262.
G. Hanrahan and K. Lu (2006). Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 36, 141–151.
K. Vijayarahavan, S. P. Kamala Nalini, N. Udaya Prakash, and D. Madhankumar (2012). Colloids Surf. B 94, 114–117.
D. S. Sheny, J. Mathew, and D. Philip (2011). Spectrochim. Acta. Part A 79, 254–262.
A. Annamalai, S. T. Babu, N. A. Jose, D. Sudha, and C. V. Lyza (2011). World Appl. Sci. J. 13, 1833–1840.
D. Philip, C. Unni, S. Aromal, and V. K. Vidhu (2011). Spectrochim. Acta. Part A 78, 899–904.
V. Kathiravan, S. Ravi, and S. Ashokkumar (2014). Spectrochim. Acta. Part A 130, 116–121.
P. K. Kumar, W. Paul, and C. P. Sharma (2012). J. BioNanoSci. 2, 144–152.
L. Salido, D. C. Lim, and Y. D. Kim (2005). Surf. Sci. 588, 6.
Y. Tian, F. Wang, Y. Liu, F. Pang, and X. Zhang (2014). Electrochim. Acta 146, 646–653.
P. Usha Rani and P. Rajasekharreddy (2011). Colloids Surf. A 389, 188–194.
C. Toni, D. Ferreira, L. C. Kreutz, V. L. Loro, and L. G. Barcellos (2011). Chemosphere 83, 579–584.
Z. H. Li, V. Zlabek, P. Li, R. Grabic, J. Velisek, J. Machova, and T. Randak (2010). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 73, 1391–1396.
J. F. Zhang, H. Liu, Y. Y. Sun, X. R. Wang, J. C. Wu, and Y. Q. Xue (2005). Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 19, 185–190.
A. Malarvizhi, M. Saravanan, R. K. Poopal, J. H. Hur, and M. Ramesh (2017). Water Air Soil Pollut. 228, 310.
V. I. Lushchak (2014). Chem. Biol. Interact. 224C, 164–175.
D. Dolphin, R. Poulson and O. Avramovic, vol. III (Part A and Part B) (Wiley, New York, 1989).
S. Paraschiv, M. C. Munteanu, D. Dinu, M. R. Luca, M. Costache, C. Tesio, and A. Dinischiotu (2006). Rev. Roum. Chim. 51, 1175–1179.
M. Radu, S. Petrache, A. I. Serban, D. Dinu, A. Hermenean, C. Sima, and A. Dinischiotu (2010). Acta. Biochim. Pol. 57, 355.
M. Eyckmans, N. Celis, N. Horemans, R. Blust, and G. De Boeck (2011). Aquat. Toxicol. 103, 112–120.
K. Srikanth, I. Ahmad, J. V. Rao, T. Trindade, A. C. Duarte, and E. Pereira (2014). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C 162, 7.
Y. Z. Fang and R. L. Zheng (Science Press, Beijing, 2002), p. 122.
C. Jayaseelan, A. A. Rahuman, R. Ramkumar, P. Perumal, G. Rajakumar, A. VishnuKirthi, T. Santhoshkumar, and S. Marimuthu (2014). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 107, 220–228.
E. Navarro, F. Piccapietra, B. Wagner, F. Marconi, R. Kaegi, N. Odzak, L. Sigg, and R. Behra (2008). Environ. Sci. Technol. 42, 8959–8964.
L. V. Stebounova, E. Guio, and V. H. Grassian (2011). J. Nanopart. Res. 13, 233–244.
A. Kedziora, K. Gorzelanczyk, and G. B. Płoskonska (2013). Biol. Int. 53, 67–76.
I. M. Garrido, S. Perez, and J. Blasco (2015). Mar. Environ. Res. 111, 60–73.
A. Hedayathi, H. Kolangi, A. Jahanbakhshi, and E. F. Shalu (2012). Bulg. J. Vet. Med. 15, 172–177.
A. Slaninova, M. Smutna, H. Modra, and Z. Svobodova (2009). Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett. 30, 2–12.
R. J. Griffitt, K. Hyndman, N. D. Denslow, and D. S. Barber (2009). Toxicol. Sci. 107, 404–415.
G. P. Devi, K. B. A. Ahmed, B. S. Sai Varsha, M. K. N. Shrijha, K. K. S. Lal, V. Anbazhagan, and R. Thiagarajan (2015). Aquat. Toxicol. 158, 149–157.
T. W. Schultz and M. T. D. Cronin (1999). J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 39, 304-309.
S. Ren (2003). J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 43, 1679–1687.
R. Guo, X. Ren, and H. Ren (2012). J. Hazard. Mater. 237, 270–276.
M. Khosravi and S. Arabi (2016). Water Sci. Technol. 74, 343–352.
C. Sudhakar, K. Selvam, M. Govarthanan, B. Senthilkumar, A. Sengottaiyan, M. Stalin, and T. Selvankumar (2015). J. Genet. Eng. Biotechnol. 13, 93–99.
M. Govarthanan, R. Mythili, T. Selvankumar, S. Kamala-Kannan, D. Choi, and Y. Chang (2017). Biotechnol. Bioproc. Eng. 22, 186–194.
K. P. Gopinath, K. Muthukumar, and M. Velan (2010). J. Chem. Eng. 157, 427–433.
P. C. Giloni-Lima, D. Delello, M. L. M. Cremonez, V. A. Eler, M. N. Lima, and E. L. G. Espindola (2010). Ecotoxicology 19, 1095–1101.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shobana, C., Rangasamy, B., Surendran, S. et al. Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Their Impact on the Antioxidant Response and Histology of Indian Major Carp Labeo rohita, with Combined Response Surface Methodology Analysis. J Clust Sci 29, 267–279 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-017-1328-4
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-017-1328-4