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Molecular Mechanisms of Regulatory T Cell Development

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Abstract

Background

CD4+CD25+ natural regulatory T (nTR) lymphocytes represent a distinct thymus-derived T cell lineage that serves to establish immunological tolerance in the periphery. The discovery of Foxp3 as a transcription factor essential to the differentiation of CD4+CD25+ TR cells enabled detailed studies into the molecular mechanisms of TR cell development, peripheral homeostasis, and effector functions.

Discussion

Comparative analysis of Foxp3+ nTR cells and nTR cell precursors expressing a functionally inactive Foxp3 mutant protein indicated that while Foxp3 is not essential for nTR cell development in the thymus, it is critical to the peripheral homeostasis and suppressor functions of nTR cells. A second subset of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells can be induced de novo from conventional CD4+ Foxp3− T cells both in vitro, upon antigenic stimulation in the presence of transforming growth factor β and interleukin-2, and in vivo. Like nTR cells, the induced regulatory T (iTR) cells are also dependent on Foxp3 expression for their suppressor function. It is likely that nTR and iTR cells serve nonredundant functions in the maintenance of immunological tolerance.

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  1. Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, MDCC 12-430, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1752, USA

    Talal Chatila

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Chatila, T. Molecular Mechanisms of Regulatory T Cell Development. J Clin Immunol 28, 625–630 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-008-9241-0

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