Abstract
Simultaneous observations of surface ozone (O3) with its precursors namely, carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) have been taken on diurnal scale from a tropical semi-urban site, Pune (18.54°N, 73.81°E) in India. We present the data for one year (2003–2004) period to study the salient features of these trace gases. The peak in amplitude of ozone is found during the noontime whereas in CO and NOX it is observed in the morning hours between 0800 and 0900 H. The concentration of these pollutants drop down considerably during southwest monsoon months and the diurnal pattern also become very weak. The diurnal trends of these gases are found to be different for different seasons, which are specific to the receptor site. Model simulations using 3-D chemical-transport model with regional emission inventories and observed winds have also been carried out. The comparison of model results with observations, on seasonal basis yielded a reasonable qualitative agreement. The relative role of local emissions and long range transport in the diurnal pattern for different seasons has been outlined, which reveals that the ozone is highly influenced by regional/long range transport in this region. The effect of precursor amounts in the morning on afternoon ozone peak levels has been investigated using the lag correlation study, which reveals that a time lag of 5–7 h is required for most of these precursor gases to photo-chemically produce ozone to its maximum potential. Results are discussed in the light of available topographic and meteorological conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ali, K., Momin, G.A., Safai, P.D., Chate, D.M., Rao, P.S.P.: Surface ozone measurements over Himalayan Region and Delhi, North India. Indian J. Radio & Space Phys. 33, 391–398 (2004)
Dalvi, M., Beig, G., Patil, U., Kaginalkar, A., Sharma, C., Mitra, A.P.: A GIS based method for gridding of large scale emission inventories: application to carbon-monoxide emissions from the Indian region. Atmos. Environ. 40, doi:10.1016 (2006)
Debaje, S.B., Jeyakumar, S.J., Ganesan, K., Jadhav, D.B.: Surface ozone measurement at tropical rural coastal station, Tranquebar, India. Atmos. Environ. 37, 4911–4916 (2003)
Gabusi, V., Volta, M.: Seasonal modelling assessment of ozone sensitivity to precursors in northern Italy. Atmos. Environ. 39, 2795–2804 (2005)
Galanter, M., Levy II, M., Carmichael, G.R.: Impacts of biomass burning on tropospheric CO, NOX and O3. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 6633–6653 (2000)
Hogrefe, C., Rao, S., Kasibhatla, P., Hao, W., Sistla, G., Mathur, R., McHenry, J.: Evaluating the performances of regional-scale photochemical modeling systems: Part II – ozone predictions. Atmos. Environ. 35, 4175–4188 (2001)
Horowitz, L.S., Walters, S., Mauzerall, D.L., Emmons, L.K., Rasch P.J., Granier, C., Tie, X.X., Lamarque, J.F., Schultz, M.G., Tyndall, G.S., Orlando, J.J., Brasseur, G.P.: A global simulation of tropospheric ozone and related tracers: description and evaluation of MOZART, version 2. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 4784 doi:10.1029/2002JD002853 (2003)
Jain, S.L., Arya, B.C., Kumar, A., Ghude, S.D., Kulkarni, P.S.: Observational study of surface ozone at New Delhi, India. Int. J. Remote Sens. 26, 3515–3526 (2005)
Khemani, L.T., Momin, G.A., Rao, P.S.P., Vijaykumar, R., Safai, P.D.: Study of surface ozone behavior at urban and forested sites in India. Atmos. Environ. 29, 2021–2024 (1995)
Lal, S., Naja, M., Subbaraya, B.H.: Seasonal variations in surface ozone and its precursors over an urban site in India. Atmos. Environ. 34, 2713–2724 (2000)
Nair, P., Chand, D., Lal, S., Modh, K., Naja, M., Parameswaran, K., Ravindran, S., Venkataramani, S.: Temporal variations in surface ozone at Thumba (8.61N, 77.1E) – a tropical coastal site in India. Atmos. Environ. 36, 603–610 (2002)
Naja, M., Lal, S.: Solar eclipse induced changes in surface ozone at Ahmedabad. Indian J. Radio & Space Phys. 26, 312–318 (1997)
Naja, M., Lal, S., 2002: Surface ozone and precursor gases at Gadanki (13,5°N, 79.2°E), a tropical rural site in India. J. Geophys. Res. 107, ACH-8 (2002)
Naja, M., Lal, S., Chand, D.: Diurnal and Seasonal variabilities in surface ozone at a high altitude site Mt Abu (24.6°N, 72.7°E, 1680 m asl) in India. Atmos. Environ. 37, 4205–4215 (2003)
Olivier, J., Peters, J., Granier, C., Petron, G., Muller, J.F., Wallens, S.: Present and future surface emissions of atmospheric compounds. POET report #2, EU project EVK2-1999-00011 (2003)
Pillai, A.G., Momin, G.A., Naik, M.S., Rao, P.S.P., Safai, P.D., Ali, K.: Studies of atmospheric aerosols and ozone in different environments. J. Mar. Atmos. Res. 2, 33–36 (2001)
Prather, M., Gauss, M., Bemtsen, T., Isaksen, I.S.J., Bey, I., Brasseur, G., Dentener, F., Derwent, R., Stevenson, D., Grenfell, L., Hauglustaine, D., Horowitz, L., Jacob, D., Mickley, L., Lawrence, M., von Kuhlmann, R., Muller, J., Pitari, G., Rogers, H., Johnson, M., Matthew, P., Law, K., van Weele, M., Wild, O.: Fresh air in the 21st century? Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, 2–1100, doi:10.1029/2002GL016285 (2003)
Tiwari, V.S., Peshin, S.: A prominent maximum in surface ozone concentration during winter months at Pune (India). Mausam 46, 155–162 (1995)
Vingarzan, R.: A review of surface ozone background levels and trends. Atmos. Environ. 38, 3431–3442 (2004)
Acknowledgment
We acknowledge the financial assistance provided by Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi for this project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Beig, G., Gunthe, S. & Jadhav, D.B. Simultaneous measurements of ozone and its precursors on a diurnal scale at a semi urban site in India. J Atmos Chem 57, 239–253 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-007-9068-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-007-9068-8