Abstract
Satellite measurements of tropospheric column O3 and NO2 in eastern and southeastern Asia are analyzed to study the spatial and seasonal characteristics of pollution in these regions. Tropospheric column O3 is derived from differential measurements of total column ozone from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), and stratospheric column ozone from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). The tropospheric column NO2 is measured by Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME). A global chemical and transport model (Model of Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 2; MOZART-2) is applied to analyze and interpret the satellite measurements. The study, which is based on spring, summer, and fall months of 1997 shows generally good agreement between the model and satellite data with respect to seasonal and spatial characteristics of O3 and NO2 fields. The analysis of the model results show that the industrial emission of NOx (NO + NO2) contributes about 50%–80% to tropospheric column NO2 in eastern Asia and about 20%–50% in southeastern Asia. The contribution of industrial emission of NOx to tropospheric column O3 ranges from 10% to 30% in eastern Asia. Biomass burning and lightning NOx emissions have a small effect on tropospheric O3 in central and eastern Asia, but they have a significant impact in southeastern Asia. The varying effects of NOx on tropospheric column ozone are attributed to differences in relative abundance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with respect to total nitrogen in the two regions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bond, D.W., Steiger, S., Zhang, R., Tie, X., Orville, R.: The important of production by lightning in the tropics. Atmos. Environ. 36, 1509–1519 (2002)
Bucsela E.J., Celarier, E.A., Wenig, M.O., Gleason, J.F., Veefkind, J.P., Boersma, K.F., Boersma, E.: Algorithm for NO2 vertical column retrieval from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 44 (2006)
Burrows, J.P., et al.: The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME): mission concept and first scientific results. J. Atmos. Sci. 56, 151–175 (1999)
Chandra, S., Ziemke, J.R., Min, W., Read, W.G.: Effects of 1997–1998 El Nino on tropospheric ozone and water vapor. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 3867–3870 (1998)
Chandra, S., Ziemke, J.R., Bhartia, P.K., Martin, R.V.: Tropical tropospheric ozone, implications for dynamics and biomass burning. J. Geophys. Res. 107(D18), 4351, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001480 (2002)
Chandra, S., Ziemke, J.R., Martin, R.V.: Tropospheric ozone at tropical and middle latitudes derived from TOMS/MLS residual: Comparison with a global model. J. Geophys. Res. 108(D9), 4291, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002912 (2003)
Chandra S., Ziemke, J.R., Tie, X., Brasseur, G.: Elevated ozone in the troposphere over the Atlantic and Pacific oceans in the Northern Hemisphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L23102, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020821 (2004)
Crutzen, P.J.: Influence of nitrogen oxides on atmospheric ozone content. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 96(408), 320– (1970)
de Laat, A.T.J., Aben, I., Roelofs, G.J.: A model perspective on total tropospheric O3 column variability and implications for satellite observations. J. Geophys. Res. 110, D13303, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005264 (2005)
Granier, C., Lamarque, J.F., Mieville, A., Muller, J.F., Olivier, J., Orlando, J., Peters, J., Petron, G., Tyndall, G., Wallens, S.: POET, a database of surface emissions of ozone precursors. Available at http://www.aero.jussieu.fr/projet/ACCENT/POET.php (2005)
Hauglustaine, D.A., Brasseur, G.P., Levine, J.S.: A sensitivity simulation of tropospheric ozone changes due to the 1997 Indonesian fire emissions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26(21), 3305–3308 (1999)
Horowitz, L.W., Walters, S., Mauzerall, D., Emmons, L., Rasch, P., Granier, C., Tie, X., Lamarque, J.F., Schultz, M., Brasseur, G.: A global simulation of tropospheric ozone and related tracers: description and evaluation of MOZART, version 2. J. Geophys. Res. 108(D24), 4784, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002853 (2003)
Jacob, D.J., Logan, J.A., Murti, P.P.: Effect of rising Asian emissions on surface ozone in the United States. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26(14), 2175–2178 (1999)
Kleinman, L.I., Daum, P.H., Lee, Y.N., Nunnermacker, L.J., Springston, S.R., Weinstein-Lloyd, J., Rudolf, J.: Sensitivity of O3 production rate to O3 precursors. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28(15), 2903–2906 (2001)
Kunhikrishnan, T., Lawrence, M.G., von Kuhlmann, R., Richter, A., Ladstätter-Weißenmayer, A., Burrows, J.P.: Analysis of tropospheric NO x over Asia using the model of atmospheric transport and chemistry (MATCH-MPIC) and GOME-satellite observations. Atmos. Environ. 38, 581–596 (2004)
Lelieveld, J., Dentener, F.J.: What controls tropospheric ozone? J. Geophys. Res. 105, 3531–3552 (2000)
Olivier J., Peters, J., Granier, C., Petron, G., Muller, J.F., Wallens, S.: Present and future surface emissions of atmospheric compounds. POET report #2, EU project EVK2-1999-00011 (2003)
Reber, C.A.: The upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 1215–1218 (1993)
Richters, A., Burrows, J.P.: Tropospheric NO2 from GOME measurements. Adv. Space Res. 29(11), 1673–1683 (2002)
Ridley, B.A., Dye, J.E., Walega, J.G., Zheng, J., Grahek, F.E., Rison, W.: On the production of active nitrogen by thunderstorms over New Mexico. J. Geophys. Res. 101(D15), 20, 985–21,006 (1996)
Seinfeld, J.H., Pandis, S.N.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. Wiley, New York (1998)
Sillman, S.: The use of NOy, H2O2, and HNO3 as indicators for ozone-NOx-hydrocarbon sensitivity in urban locations. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 14, 175–14,188 (1995)
Sudo, K., Takahashi, M.: Simulation of tropospheric ozone changes during 1997–1998 El Nino: meteorological impact on tropospheric photochemistry. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 4091–4094 (2001)
Tie, X., Brasseur, G., Zhang, R., Emmons, L., Lei, W.: Effects of lightning on reactive nitrogen and nitrogen reservoir species in the troposphere. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 3167–3178 (2001)
Tie, X., Brasseur, G., Zhao, C., Granier, C., Massie, S., Qin, Y., Wang, P.C., Wang, G.L., Yang, P.C.: Chemical characterization of air pollution in eastern China and the eastern United States. Atmos. Environ. 40, 2607–2625 (2006)
Thompson, A.M.: The oxidizing capacity of the Earth’s atmosphere – probable past and future changes. Science 256(5060), 1157–1165 (1992)
Thompson, A.M., Witte, J.C., Hudson, R.D., Guo, H., Herman, J.R., Fujiwara, M.: Tropical tropospheric ozone and biomass burning. Science 291(551), 2128–2132 (2001)
Valks, P.J.M., Piters, P.J.M., Lambert, J.C., Zehner, C., Kelder, H.: A fast delivery system for the retrieval of near real-time ozone columns from GOME data. Int. J. Remote Sens. 24(3), 423–436 (2003)
Velders, et al.: Global tropospheric NO2 column distributions: comparing three-dimensional model calculations with GOME measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 106(D12), 12, 643–12,660 (2001)
Vitousek, P.M., Aber, J.D., Howarth, R.W., Likens, G.E., Matson, P.A., Schindler, D.W., Schlesinger, W.H., Tilman, D.G.: Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences. Ecological Applications, Tempe, AZ. 7(3), 737–750 (1997)
Zhang, R., Tie, X., Bond, D.: Impacts of Anthropogenic and Natural NOx Sources over the U.S. on Tropospheric Chemistry. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100, 1505–1509 (2003)
Zhao, C.S., Tie, X., Wang, G.L., Qin, Y., Yang, P.C.: Analysis of air quality in eastern China and its interaction with other regions of the world. 55, 189–204, doi: 10.1007/s10874-006-9022-1 (2006)
Ziemke, J.R., Chandra, S., Duncan, B.N., Froidevaux, L., Bhartia, P.K., Levelt, P.F., Waters, J.W.: Tropospheric ozone determined from Aura OMI and MLS: evaluation of measurements and comparison with the Global Modeling Initiative’s Chemical Transport Model. J. Geophys. Res. 111, 1–18, D19303, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007089 (2006)
Acknowledgments
We wish to thank James Greenburg for helpful discussions. Funding for this research was provided by Goddard Earth Science Technology (GEST) grant NCC5-494. NCAR is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tie, X., Chandra, S., Ziemke, J.R. et al. Satellite Measurements of Tropospheric Column O3 and NO2 in Eastern and Southeastern Asia: Comparison with a Global Model (MOZART-2). J Atmos Chem 56, 105–125 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-006-9045-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-006-9045-7