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When do job-insecure employees keep performing well? The buffering roles of help and prosocial motivation in the relationship between job insecurity, work engagement, and job performance

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Abstract

Drawing on the job demands-resources model, this study aims to explore the boundary conditions that buffer the negative effect of job insecurity on work engagement and job performance. It is predicted that job insecurity is negatively associated with job performance by undermining work engagement. This relationship is proposed to weaken when employees give and receive help arising from prosocial motivation. To test these propositions, we conducted two cross-sectional studies in the South Korean service sector, which demonstrated a similar pattern of results. Work engagement significantly mediated the link between job insecurity and job performance. We further found a significant three-way interaction between job insecurity, giving help, and prosocial motivation on work engagement such that the negative relationship between job insecurity and work engagement was weakest when employees’ help-giving and prosocial motivation were both high. The indirect effect of job insecurity on job performance through work engagement was also weakest for high levels of help-giving and prosocial motivation. Contrary to our prediction, we found no support for the three-way interaction between job insecurity, receiving help, and prosocial motivation on work engagement as well as on the indirect effect on job performance through work engagement. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for managing employees in job-insecurity contexts.

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Notes

  1. To test our hypotheses with a power of .80 and a significance level (alpha) of .05 (Cohen, 1988), we calculated the optimal sample size using the G*Power sample size calculator (Faul, Erdfelder, Lang, & Buchner, 2007), which recommended a sample size ranging between 127 and 163 for a medium effect size. Our sample size (n = 181) exceeded this criterion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Business, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdonggu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea

    Yuhyung Shin

  2. College of Business Administration, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, South Korea

    Won-Moo Hur

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  1. Yuhyung Shin
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  2. Won-Moo Hur
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Correspondence to Won-Moo Hur.

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Shin, Y., Hur, WM. When do job-insecure employees keep performing well? The buffering roles of help and prosocial motivation in the relationship between job insecurity, work engagement, and job performance. J Bus Psychol 36, 659–678 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-020-09694-4

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