Abstract
This article compared the effect of dietary weight loss administered alone (WL) or in combination with aerobic training (WL + AT) or resistance training (WL + RT) on health related quality of life, walking self-efficacy, stair climb self-efficacy, and satisfaction with physical function in older adults with cardiovascular disease or the metabolic syndrome. Participants (N = 249; M age = 66.9) engaged in baseline assessments and were randomly assigned to one of three interventions, each including a 6-month intensive phase and a 12-month follow-up. Those in WL + AT and WL + RT engaged in 4 days of exercise training weekly. All participants engaged in weekly group behavioral weight loss sessions with a goal of 7–10% reduction in body weight. Participants in WL + AT and WL + RT reported better quality of life and satisfaction with physical function at 6- and 18-months relative to WL. At month 6, WL + AT reported greater walking self-efficacy relative to WL + RT and WL, and maintained higher scores compared to WL at month 18. WL + AT and WL + RT reported greater stair climbing efficacy at month 6, and WL + RT remained significantly greater than WL at month 18. The addition of either AT or RT to WL differentially improved HRQOL and key psychosocial outcomes associated with maintenance of physical activity and weight loss. This underscores the important role of exercise in WL for older adults, and suggests health care providers should give careful consideration to exercise mode when designing interventions.
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Acknowledgements
We are thankful to our study participants, our project manager and Registered Dietician Beverly Nesbit, our lead interventionist Jillian Gaukstern, and our lead assessor Jessica Sheedy for their contributions to this trial.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (Grant Number R18 HL076441). Partial support was also provided by National Institutes on Aging (Grant Number P30 AG021332).
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Jason Fanning, Michael P. Walkup, Walter T. Ambrosius, Lawrence R. Brawley, Edward H. Ip, Anthony P. Marsh, and W. Jack Rejeski declares no conflicts of interest.
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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
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Fanning, J., Walkup, M.P., Ambrosius, W.T. et al. Change in health-related quality of life and social cognitive outcomes in obese, older adults in a randomized controlled weight loss trial: Does physical activity behavior matter?. J Behav Med 41, 299–308 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-017-9903-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-017-9903-6