Abstract
The objective was to examine the association between lifestyle and risk for diabetes. For an average of 9.9 years, this study prospectively followed a cohort of 7,211 (2,524 men and 4,687 women) community residents aged 30–69 years without diabetes at a health check-up conducted between April 1990 and March 1992 until diabetes was confirmed or until the end of 2006. The subjects were divided into 6 groups according to their total scores of Breslow’s lifestyle index (1–2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 points). The association between lifestyle and diabetes incidence was investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The results showed that the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios were 0.45 in subjects who scored 5 points, 0.39 in subjects who scored 6 points, and 0.31 in subjects who scored 7 points, compared with subjects who scored 1–2 points. These data indicate that the healthy behaviors prevent the incidence of diabetes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alberti, K. G. M. M., Zimmet, P., & Shaw, J. (2007). International Diabetes Federation: a consensus on type 2 diabetes prevention. Diabetic Medicine, 24, 452–463.
American Diabetes Association. (2007). Standards of medical care in diabetes-2007. Diabetes Care, 30, S4–S41.
Belloc, N. B., & Breslow, L. (1972). Relationship of physical health status and health practices. Preventive Medicine, 1, 409–421.
Egusa, G., Murakami, F., Ito, C., Matsumoto, Y., Kado, S., Okamura, M., et al. (1993). Westernized food habits and concentrations of serum lipids in the Japanese. Atherosclerosis, 100, 249–255.
Esteghamati, A., Khalilzadeh, O., Rashidi, A., Meysamie, A., Haghazali, M., Asgari, F., et al. (2007). Association between physical activity and insulin resistance in Iranian adults: National surveillance of risk factors of non-communicable diseases (SuRFNCD-2007). Preventive Medicine, 49, 402–406.
Farshchi, H. R., Taylor, M. A., & Macdonald, I. A. (2004). Regular meal frequency creates more appropriate insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles compared with irregular meal frequency in healthy lean women. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 58, 1071–1077.
Kuzuya, T., Nakagawa, S., Satoh, J., Kanazawa, Y., Iwamoto, Y., Kobayashi, M., et al. (2002). Report of the committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 55, 65–85.
Liu, C., Yu, Z., Li, H., Wang, J., Sun, L., Qi, Q., et al. (2010). Associations of alcohol consumption with diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glycemia among middle-aged and elderly Chinese. BMC public health, 10, 713.
Nakajima, H., Kaneita, Y., Yokoyama, E., Harano, S., Tamaki, T., Ibuka, E., et al. (2008). Association between sleep duration and hemoglobin A1c level. Sleep Medicine, 9, 745–752.
Nakanishi, N., Nakamura, K., Matsuo, Y., Suzuki, K., & Tatara, K. (2000). Cigarette smoking and risk for impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese men. Annals of Internal Medicine, 133, 183–191.
Nakano, K., Yabe, J., & Yasumura, S. (2006). Health practice and total mortality among middle-aged and elderly residents in Sukagawa, Japan. Japanese Journal of Public Health, 53, 329–337.
National Diabetes Survey. (1997). http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/ kouhyo/indexkk_4_1.html. (in Japanese).
Okada, K., Hayashi, T., Tsumura, K., Suematsu, C., Endo, G., & Fujii, S. (2000). Leisure-time physical activity at weekends and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese men: The Osaka Health Survey. Diabetic Medicine, 17, 53–58.
Outline for the Results of the National Health and Nutrition Survey Japan. (2007) (extracts). http://www.mhlw.go.jp/houdou/2008/12/h1225-5.html. (in Japanese).
Rockhill, B., Newman, B., & Weinberg, C. (1998). Use and misuse of population attributable fractions. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 15–19.
Sairenchi, T., Iso, H., Irie, F., Fukasawa, N., Ota, H., & Muto, T. (2008). Underweight as a predictor of diabetes in older adults: a large cohort study. Diabetes Care, 31, 583–584.
Seike, N., Noda, M., Kadowaki, T., et al. (2008). Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese: a systematic review. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 17, 545–551.
Sugimori, H., Miyakawa, M., Yoshida, K., Izuno, T., Takahashi, E., Tanaka, C., et al. (1998). Health risk assessment for diabetes mellitus based on longitudinal analysis of MHTS database. Journal of Medical Systems, 22, 27–32.
Tsugane, S., Fahey, M. T., Sasaki, S., & Baba, S. (1999). Alcohol consumption and all-cause and cancer mortality among middle-aged Japanese men: Seven-year follow-up of the JPHC study Cohort I. Japan Public Health Center. American Journal of Epidemiology, 150, 1201–1207.
Tuomilehto, H., Peltonen, M., Partinen, M., Lavigne, G., Eriksson, J. G., Herder, C., et al. (2009). Sleep duration, lifestyle intervention, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in impaired glucose tolerance: The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Diabetes Care, 32, 1965–1971.
WHO. (2009). Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation. World Health Organization Technical Report Series, 894, 1–253.
Wild, S., Roglic, G., Green, A., Sicree, R., & King, H. (2004). Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care, 27, 1047–1053.
Willi, C., Bodenmann, P., Ghali, W. A., Faris, P. D., & Cornuz, J. (2007). Active smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 298, 2654–2664.
Yeh, H. C., Duncan, B. B., Schmidt, M. I., Wang, N. Y., & Brancati, F. L. (2010). Smoking, smoking cessation, and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Annals Internal Medicine, 152, 10–17.
Yokokawa, H., Goto, A., Abe, Y., Suzuki, S., & Yasumura, S. (2008). Lifestyle characteristics and 3-year total mortality of Japanese with self-reported diabetes. Health and Social Care in the Community, 16, 614–620.
Yokoyama, H., Hirose, H., Ohgo, H., & Saito, I. (2004). Associations among lifestyle status, serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance. Internal Medicine, 43, 453–455.
Acknowledgments
A part of this work was funded by Research-in-Aid for Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare.
Conflict of interest
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tatsumi, Y., Ohno, Y., Morimoto, A. et al. Lifestyle and the risk of diabetes mellitus in a Japanese population. J Behav Med 36, 225–233 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-012-9427-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-012-9427-z