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Concept priming and pain: an experimental approach to understanding gender roles in sex-related pain differences

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Abstract

Prior research has found that sex differences in pain are partially due to individual variations in gender roles. In a laboratory study, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of covert gender role cues can also moderate the extent to which women and men experience pain. Specifically, we varied gender role cues by asking male and female participants to write about instances in which they behaved in a stereotypically feminine, masculine, or neutral manner. Pain and cardiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor task were then assessed. Results revealed that, when primed with femininity, men reported less pain and anxiety from the cold pressor task than women. However, no differences existed between the sexes in the masculine or neutral prime conditions. The results indicate that covert gender cues can alter pain reports. Further, at least in some situations, feminine role cues may be more influential on pain reports than masculine role cues.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R03 NS051687. We thank Jillian Auxter and Kimberly Kross for their assistance with data collection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, 2801W. Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606-3390, USA

    Stephanie L. Fowler, Heather M. Rasinski & Andrew L. Geers

  2. Department of Psychology, Adrian College, 110 S. Madison Street, Adrian, MI, 49221, USA

    Suzanne G. Helfer

  3. Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 200 Porter Hall, Athens, OH, 45701, USA

    Christopher R. France

Authors
  1. Stephanie L. Fowler
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  2. Heather M. Rasinski
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  3. Andrew L. Geers
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  4. Suzanne G. Helfer
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  5. Christopher R. France
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Correspondence to Stephanie L. Fowler.

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Fowler, S.L., Rasinski, H.M., Geers, A.L. et al. Concept priming and pain: an experimental approach to understanding gender roles in sex-related pain differences. J Behav Med 34, 139–147 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-010-9291-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-010-9291-7

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