Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

An Investigation of Student-Selected and Parent-Delivered Reading Interventions

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Behavioral Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, we examined whether individualized, student-selected, parent-delivered reading interventions would produce generalized oral reading fluency improvements. Three 3rd-grade students received reading fluency interventions (repeated readings, modeling, error correction, and flashcard instruction) 1 at a time and were shown the results that each intervention produced. The students then selected the intervention strategies they wanted their parents to use. We trained parents in the student-selected reading intervention package who delivered the interventions for 4–5 weeks, and students were given the opportunity to earn rewards for generalized performance improvements at the end of each week in school. Using an alternating treatments design, results of parent tutoring were compared to a control condition that included a reinforcement contingency for generalized performance improvements to control for reinforcement effects across conditions. Generalized improvements in oral reading fluency (to high-word-overlap passages) were found for all participants. Results are discussed in terms of how educators can improve parent-tutoring outcomes by influencing students’ motivation to engage in tutoring procedures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baker, L. (2003). The role of parents in motivating struggling readers. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 19, 87–106. doi:10.1080/10573560308207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barlow, D. H., Nock, M. K., & Hersen, M. (2009). Single case experimental designs: Strategies for studying behavior change. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carson, P. M., & Eckert, T. L. (2003). An experimental analysis of mathematics instructional components: Examining the effects of student-selected versus empirically-selected interventions. Journal of Behavioral Education, 12, 35–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chard, D. J., Vaughn, S., & Tyler, B. J. (2002). A synthesis of research on effective interventions for building reading fluency with elementary students with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 35, 386–406.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daly, E. J., III., Bonfiglio, C. M., Mattson, T., Persampieri, M., & Foreman-Yates, K. (2006a). Refining the experimental analysis of academic skill deficits, Part II: An Investigation of the use of brief experimental analysis for identifying reading fluency interventions. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39, 323–331.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daly, E. J., III., Garbacz, S. A., Olson, S. C., Persampieri, M., & Ni, H. (2006b). Improving oral reading fluency by influencing students’ choice of instructional procedures: An experimental analysis with two students with behavioral disorders. Behavioral Interventions, 21, 13–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daly, E. J., III., Hofstadter, K. L., Martinez, R. S., & Andersen, M. (2010). Selecting academic interventions. In G. A. Gimpel, R. Ervin, E. J. Daly III., & K. W. Merrell (Eds.), The practical handbook of school psychology: Effective practices for the 21st century (pp. 115–132). New York, NY: Guilford Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daly, E. J., III., & Martens, B. K. (1994). A comparison of three interventions for increasing oral reading performance: Application of the instructional hierarchy. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 459–469.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daly, E. J., III., Martens, B. K., Dool, E. J., & Hintze, J. M. (1998). Using brief functional analysis to select interventions for oral reading. Journal of Behavioral Education, 8, 203–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daly, E. J., III., Martens, B. K., Hamler, K. R., Dool, E. J., & Eckert, T. L. (1999). A brief experimental analysis for identifying instructional components needed to improve oral reading fluency. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 32, 83–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daly, E. J., III., Persampieri, M., McCurdy, M., & Gortmaker, V. (2005). Generating reading interventions through experimental analysis of academic skills: Demonstration and empirical evaluation. School Psychology Review, 34, 395–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daly, E. J., III., Shroder, J., & Robinson, A. (2001/2006). Testing treatments for oral reading fluency problems—Two case studies. Journal of Evidence-Based Practices for Schools, 7, 4–26 (reprinted from Proven Practice: Prevention and Remediation Solutions for Schools, 4, 2–10).

  • Daly, E. J., III., Wells, J. N., Swanger-Gagne, M., Carr, J. E., Kunz, G. M., & Taylor, A. M. (2009). Evaluation of the multiple-stimulus without replacement stimulus preference assessment method using activities as stimulus events. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42, 563–574.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daly, E. J., III., Witt, J. C., Martens, B. K., & Dool, E. J. (1997). A model for conducting a functional analysis of academic performance problems. School Psychology Review, 26, 554–574.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, G., DePerczel, M., Clarke, S., Wilson, D., Wright, S., White, R., & Gomez, A. (1994). Choice making to promote adaptive behavior for students with emotional and behavioral challenges. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 505–518. doi:10.1901/jaba.1994.27-505.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, G., & Kern, L. (1996). Modifying instructional activities to promote desirable behavior: A conceptual and practical framework. School Psychology Quarterly, 11, 297–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, G., Kern-Dunlap, L., Clarke, S., & Robbins, F. R. (1991). Functional assessment, curricular revision, and severe behavior problems. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24, 387–397.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duvall, S. F., Delquadri, J. C., Elliott, M., & Hall, V. R. (1992). Parent-tutoring procedures: Experimental analysis and validation of generalization in oral reading across passages, settings, and time. Journal of Behavioral Education, 2, 281–303. doi:10.1007/BF00948819.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eckert, T. L., Ardoin, S. P., Daly, E. J., III., & Martens, B. K. (2002). Improving oral reading fluency: An examination of the efficacy of combining skill-based and performance-based interventions. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 35, 271–281.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elbaum, B., Vaughn, S., Hughes, M. T., & Moody, S. W. (2000). How effective are one-to-one tutoring programs in reading for elementary students at risk for reading failure? A meta-analysis of the intervention research. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 605–619.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erion, J. (2006). Parent tutoring: A meta-analysis. Education and Treatment of Children, 29, 79–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, W. W., & Mazur, J. E. (1997). Basic and applied research on choice responding. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30, 387–410.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, W. W., Thompson, R. H., Piazza, C. C., Crosland, K., & Gotjen, D. (1997). On the relative reinforcing effects of choice and differential consequences. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30, 423–438.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Good, R. H., III., & Kaminski, R. A. (2002). Dynamic indicators of basic early literacy skills, administration and scoring guide (6th ed.). Eugene, OR: Institute for the Development of Educational Achievement.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gortmaker, V. J., Daly, E. J., III., McCurdy, M., Persampieri, M., & Hergenrader, M. (2007). Improving reading outcomes for children with learning disabilities: Using brief experimental analysis to develop parent-tutoring interventions. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40, 203–221. doi:10.1901/jaba.2007.105-05.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grossen, B., & Carnine, D. (1991). Strategies for maximizing reading success in the regular classroom. In G. Stoner, M. R. Shinn, & H. M. Walker (Eds.), Interventions for achievement and behavior problems (pp. 333–356). Silver Spring, MD: The National Association of School Psychologists.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harding, J., Wacker, D. P., Cooper, L. J., Millard, T., & Jensen-Kovalan, P. (1994). Brief hierarchical assessment of potential treatment components with children in an outpatient clinic. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 291–300.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hofstadter, K. L., & Daly, E. J., III.. (2011). Improving oral reading fluency using a peer-mediated reading intervention. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 44, 641–646.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kameénui, E., & Simmons, D. (2001). Introduction to this special issue: The DNA of oral reading fluency. Scientific Studies of Reading, 5, 203–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E. (2011). Single-case research designs: Methods for clinical and applied settings (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kern, L., Mantegna, M. E., Vorndran, C. M., Bailin, D., & Hilt, A. (2001). Choice of task sequence to reduce problem behaviors. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 3, 3–10. doi:10.1177/109830070100300102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kern, L., Vorndran, C. M., Hilt, A., Ringdahl, J. E., Adelman, B. E., & Dunlap, G. (1998). Choice as an intervention to improve behavior: A review of the literature. Journal of Behavioral Education, 8, 151–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martens, B. K., Witt, J. C., Daly, E. J., III., & Vollmer, T. R. (1999). Behavior analysis: Theory and practice in educational settings. In C. R. Reynolds & T. B. Gutkin (Eds.), The handbook of school psychology (3rd ed., pp. 638–663). New York, NY: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercer, C. B., Campbell, K. U., Miller, M. D., Mercer, K. D., & Lane, H. B. (2000). Effects of a reading fluency intervention for middle schoolers with specific learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 2000, 179–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (NICHD). (2000). Report of the national reading panel. Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction: Reports of the subgroups (NIH Publication No. 00-4754). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

  • Nist, L., & Joseph, L. (2008). Effectiveness and efficiency of flashcard drill instructional methods on urban first-graders word recognition, acquisition, maintenance, and generalization. School Psychology Review, 37, 264–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noell, G. H. (2008). Research examining the relationships among consultation process, treatment integrity, and outcomes. In W. P. Erchul & S. M. Sheridan (Eds.), Handbook of research in school consultation (pp. 323–341). New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Shea, L. J., Munson, S. M., & O’Shea, D. J. (1984). Error correction in oral reading: Evaluating the effectiveness of three procedures. Education and Treatment of Children, 7, 203–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, P. D., Johnson, D. D., Clymer, T., Indirsano, R., Venezky, R. L., Baumann, J. F., et al. (1989). Silver, Burdett, and Ginn. Needham, MA: Silver, Burdett, and Ginn, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Persampieri, M., Gortmaker, V., Daly, E. J., III., Sheridan, S. M., & McCurdy, M. (2006). Promoting parent use of empirically supported reading interventions: Two experimental investigations of child outcomes. Behavioral Interventions, 21, 31–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rashotte, C. A., & Torgesen, J. K. (1985). Repeated reading and reading fluency in learning disabled children. Reading Research Quarterly, 20, 180–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shinn, M. R. (1989). Curriculum-based measurement: Assessing special children. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spache, G. (1953). A new readability formula for primary grade materials. Elementary English, 53, 410–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Topping, K. I. (2006). Building reading fluency: Cognitive, behavioral, and socioemotional factors and the role of peer-mediated learning. In S. J. Samuels & A. E. Farstrup (Eds.), What research has to say about fluency instruction (pp. 106–129). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeaton, W. H., & Sechrest, L. (1981). Critical dimensions in the choice and maintenance of successful treatments: Strength, integrity, and effectiveness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 156–167.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yurick, A. L., Robinson, P. D., Cartledge, G., Lo, Y., & Evans, T. L. (2006). Using peer-mediated repeated readings as a fluency-building activity for urban learners. Education and Treatment of Children, 29, 469–506.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Elizabeth Morris and April Turner for their assistance with this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Edward J. Daly III.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Daly, E.J., Kupzyk, S. An Investigation of Student-Selected and Parent-Delivered Reading Interventions. J Behav Educ 21, 295–314 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-012-9149-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-012-9149-x

Keywords

Navigation