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Observation of μs time-scale protein dynamics in the presence of Ln3+ ions: application to the N-terminal domain of cardiac troponin C

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Abstract

The microsecond time-scale motions in the N-terminal domain of cardiac troponin C (NcTnC) loaded with lanthanide ions have been investigated by means of a \({^{1}\hbox{H}^{\rm N}}\) off-resonance spin-lock experiment. The observed relaxation dispersion effects strongly increase along the series of NcTnC samples containing La3+, Ce3+, and Pr3+ ions. This rise in dispersion effects is due to modulation of long-range pseudocontact shifts by µs time-scale dynamics. Specifically, the motion in the coordination sphere of the lanthanide ion (i.e. in the NcTnC EF-hand motif) causes modulation of the paramagnetic susceptibility tensor which, in turn, causes modulation of pseudocontact shifts. It is also probable that opening/closing dynamics, previously identified in Ca2+–NcTnC, contributes to some of the observed dispersions. On the other hand, it is unlikely that monomer–dimer exchange in the solution of NcTnC is directly responsible for the dispersion effects. Finally, on–off exchange of the lanthanide ion does not seem to play any significant role. The amplification of dispersion effects by Ln3+ ions is a potentially useful tool for studies of µs–ms motions in proteins. This approach makes it possible to observe the dispersions even when the local environment of the reporting spin does not change. This happens, for example, when the motion involves a ‘rigid’ structural unit such as individual α-helix. Even more significantly, the dispersions based on pseudocontact shifts offer better chances for structural characterization of the dynamic species. This method can be generalized for a large class of applications via the use of specially designed lanthanide-binding tags.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully thank Lewis Kay for his insights, advice, and encouragement, Brian Sykes for the kind gift of the expression vector, Monica Li, Grant Gay, and Olivier Julien for useful discussions, and Jun Xu for the help with spectral assignments. Some of the measurements were conducted at the National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison. This work was supported by Max Kade Foundation research grant to C. E. and NSF CAREER grant 044563 to N. R. S.

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    Christian Eichmüller & Nikolai R. Skrynnikov

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Eichmüller, C., Skrynnikov, N.R. Observation of μs time-scale protein dynamics in the presence of Ln3+ ions: application to the N-terminal domain of cardiac troponin C. J Biomol NMR 37, 79–95 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10858-006-9105-y

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