Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hemostatic gauze based on chitosan and hydroquinone: preparation, characterization and blood coagulation evaluation

  • Biomaterials Synthesis and Characterization
  • Original Research
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work concerns on the preparation and performance evaluation of a new chitosan hydroquinone based gauze for hemostatic use. Chitosan and hydroquinone were firstly connected by etherification and then linked to the pre-carboxylate gauze. The functionalized material and the chitosan-hydroquinone ether were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). FT-IR results showed that an esterification occurred on carboxylic group of the gauze. The gauze functionalization degree was also evaluated by volumetric analysis. The ether hydroquinone content was obtained by the Folin test. Moreover, the linkage between hydroquinone and chitosan was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The hemostatic activity of functionalized gauze was evaluated by dynamic blood clotting assays. The obtained results showed that the prepared material can shorten the blood clotting time and induce the adhesion and activation of platelets. Finally, swelling characteristic of the new gauze was evaluated to confirm its high capacity to absorb the blood.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sauaia A, Moore FA, Moore EE, Moser KS, Brennan R, Read RA, Pons PT. Epidemiology of trauma deaths: a reassessment. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 1995;38:185–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Sauaia A, Moore FA, Moore EE, Haenel JB, Read RA, Lezotte DC. Early predictors of postinjury multiple organ failure. Jama Surg 1994;129:39–45.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Champion HR, Bellamy RF, Roberts CP, Leppaniemi AA. Profile of combat injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2003;54:S13–9.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Asensio JA, Petrone P, O’Shanahan G, Kuncir EJ. Managing exsanguination: what we know about damage control/bailout is not enough. Bayl Univ Med Cent Proc 2003;16:294–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bellamy RF. The causes of death in conventional land warfare: implications for combat casualty care research. J Mil Med 1984;149:55–62.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Mabry RL, Holcomb JB, Baker AM, Cloonan CC, Uhorchak JM, Perkins DE, Canfield AJ, Hagmann JH. United States Army Rangers in Somalia: an analysis of combat casualties on an urban battlefield. J Traum Acute Care Surg 2000;49:515–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Cosgriff N, Moore EE, Sauaia A, Kenny-Moynihan M, Burch JM, Galloway B. Predicting life-threatening coagulopathy in the massively transfused trauma patient: hypothermia and acidoses revisited. J Traum Acute Care Surg 1997;42:857–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Heckbert SR, Vedder NB, Hoffman W, Winn RK, Hudson LD, Jurkovich GJ, Copass MK, Harlan JM, Rice CL, Maier RV. Outcome after hemorrhagic shock in trauma patients. J Traum Acute Care Surg 1998;45:545–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Alam HB, Burris D, DaCorta JA, Rhee P. Hemorrhage control in the battlefield: role of new hemostatic agents. J Mil Med 2005;170:63–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Macintyre AD, Quick JA, Barnes SL. Hemostatic dressings reduce tourniquet time while maintaining hemorrhage control. Am J Surg 2011;77:162–65.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Pusateri AE, Holcomb JB, Kheirabadi BS, Alam HB, Wade CE, Ryan KL. Making sense of the preclinical literature on advanced hemostatic products. J Traum Acute Care Surg 2006;60:674–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sondeen JL, Pusateri AE, Coppes VG, Gaddy CE, Holcomb JB. Comparison of 10 different hemostatic dressings in an aortic injury. J Traum Acute Care Surg 2003;54:280–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Alam HB, Chen Z, Jaskille A, Querol RI, Koustova E, Inocencio R, Conran R, Seufert A, Ariaban N, Toruno K, Rhee P. Application of a zeolite hemostatic agent achieves 100% survival in a lethal model of complex groin injury in swine. J Traum Acute Care Surg 2004;56:974–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Alam HB, Uy GB, Miller D, Koustova E, Hancock T, Inocencio R, Anderson D, Llorente O, Rhee P. Comparative analysis of hemostatic agents in a swine model of lethal groin injury. J Traum Acute Care Surg 2003;54:1077–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Acheson EM, Kheirabadi BS, Deguzman R, Dick EJ Jr, Holcomb JB. Comparison of hemorrhage control agents applied to lethal extremity arterial hemorrhages in swine. J Traum Acute Care Surg 2005;59:865–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kozen BG, Kircher SJ, Henao J, Godinez FS, Johnson AS. An alternative hemostatic dressing: comparison of CELOX, HemCon, and QuikClot. Acad Emerg Med 2008;15:74–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Gegel B, Burgert J, Cooley B, MacGregor J, Myers J, Calder S, Luellen R, Loughren M, Johnson D. The effects of bleed arrest, celox, and traumadex on hemorrhage control in a porcine model. J Surg Res 2010;164:125–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Gegel BT, Burgert JM, Lockhart C, Austin R, Davila A, Deeds J, Hodges L, Hover A, Roy J, Simpson G, Weaver S, Wolfe W, Johnson D. Effects of celox and traumadex on hemorrhage control in a porcine model. AANA J 2006;8:115–20.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gabay M. Absorbable hemostatic agents. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2006;63:1244–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kheirabadi BS, Edens JW, Terrazas IB, Estep JS, Klemcke HG, Dubick MA, Holcomb JB. Comparison of new hemostatic granules/powders with currently deployed hemostatic products in a lethal model of extremity arterial hemorrhage in swine. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2009;66:316–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kheirabadi BS, Mace JE, Terrazas IB, Fedyk CG, Estep JS, Dubick MA, Blackbourne LH. Safety evaluation of new hemostatic agents, smectite granules, and kaolin-coated gauze in a vascular injury wound model in swine. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2010;68:269–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kranokpiraksa P, Pavcnik D, Kakizawa H, Uchida BT, Jeromel M, Keller FS, Rosch J. Hemostatic efficacy of chitosan-based bandage for closure of percutaneous arterial access sites: an experimental study in heparinized sheep model. Radiol Oncol 2010;44:86–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Chou TC, Fu E, Wu CJ, Yeh JH. Chitosan enhances platelet adhesion and aggregation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;302:480–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Brown WH, Foote CS, Iverson BL, Anslyn EV. Fat-soluble vitamin. In: Organic chemistry (vol. 26), (5th ed.) Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons; 2009. p. 1026–1030.

  25. Enguita FJ, Leitão AL. Hydroquinone: environmental pollution, toxicity, and microbial answers. BioMed Res Int 2013;2013:1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Gambarotti C, Melone L, Punta C, Shisodia SU. Selective monoetherification of 1,4-hydroquinone promoted by NaNO2. Curr Org Chem 2013;17:1108–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Blainski A, Lopes GC, Palazzo de Mello JC. Application and analysis of the Folin Ciocalteu method for the determination of the total phenolic content from Limonium Brasiliense L. Molecules 2013;18:6852–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Cassano R, Trombino S, Bloise E, Muzzalupo R, Iemma F, Chidichimo G, Picci N. New broom fiber (Spartium junceum L.) derivatives: preparation and characterization. J Agric Food Chem 2007;55:9489–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Mitsunobu O, Yamada Y. Preparation of esters of carboxylic and phosphoric acid via quaternary phosphonium salts. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 1967;40:2380–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Cassano R, Trombino S, Ferrarelli T, Nicoletta FP, Mauro MV, Giraldi C, Picci N. Hemp fiber (Cannabis sativa L.) derivatives with antibacterial and chelating properties. Cellulose 2013;20:547–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Chou C, Wang Y, Chang SJ, Liu P, Kuo SM. Evaluation of the effects of chitosan hemostasis dressings on hemorrhage caused by breast biopsy. Breast Care 2012;7:220–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Kang P, Chang SJ, Manousakas I, Lee CW, Yao C, Lin F, Kuo SM. Development and assessment of hemostasis chitosan dressings. Carbohydr Polym 2011;85:565–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Chiara O, Carlucci M, Chirletti P, Gui D, Pilati P, Seccia M. Emostatici Topici nel trauma e in chirurgia d’urgenza. Edizioni Minerva Medica. 2014. p. 10–13.

  34. Brown MA, Daya MR, Worley JA. Experience with chitosan dressing in a civilian EMS system. J Emerg Med 2009;37:1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Dubick MA, Kheirabadi B. New technologies for treating severe bleeding in far-forward combat areas. US Army Inst Surg Res 2010;21:1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Seeber P, Shander A. Chemistry of hemostasis. In: Basics of blood management. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell; 2013. p. 81–99.

  37. Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC. Goodman and Gilman’s the pharmacological basics of therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: The McGraw Hill Companies; 2011. p. 153–176.

  38. Neveleff DJ, Kraiss LW. Implementing methods to improve perioperative hemostasis in the surgical and trauma settings. AORN J 2010;92:1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Vicky Feng M, Hsu D, Yin Y. Bioabsorbable hemostatic gauze US 20070104769 A1; 2007.

  40. Englehart MS, Cho SD, Tieu BH, Morris MS, Underwood SJ, Karahan A, Muller PJ, Differding JA, Farrell DH, Schreiber MA. A novel highly porous silica and chitosan-based hemostatic dressing is superior to hemcon and gauze sponges. J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care 2008;65:884–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, 87036, Italy

    Roberta Cassano, Maria Luisa Di Gioia, Silvia Mellace, Nevio Picci & Sonia Trombino

Authors
  1. Roberta Cassano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maria Luisa Di Gioia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Silvia Mellace
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Nevio Picci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sonia Trombino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roberta Cassano.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cassano, R., Di Gioia, M.L., Mellace, S. et al. Hemostatic gauze based on chitosan and hydroquinone: preparation, characterization and blood coagulation evaluation. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 28, 190 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-017-6000-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-017-6000-x

Search

Navigation