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Inflammatory cytokine release is affected by surface morphology and chemistry of titanium implants

  • Special Issue: ESB 2014
  • Biocompatibility Studies
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To investigate in vitro cellular cytokine expression in relation to commercially pure titanium discs, comparing a native surface to a fluorinated oxide nanotube surface. Control samples pure titanium discs with a homogenous wave of the margins and grooves and an often smeared-out surface structure. Test samples pure titanium discs with a fluorinated titanium oxide chemistry and surface morphology with nanopore/tube geometry characterized by ordered structures of nanotubes with a diameter of ≈120 nm, a spacing of ≈30 nm, and a wall thickness of ≈10 nm. Cross-section view showed vertically aligned nanotubes with similar lengths of ≈700 nm. Peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes were cultured for 1, 3, and 6 days according to standard procedures. BioPlex Pro™ assays were used for analysis and detection of cytokines. Selected inflammatory cytokines are reported. A pronounced difference in production of the inflammatogenic cytokines was observed. Leucocytes exposed to control coins produced significantly more TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 than the test nanotube coins. The effect on the TH2 cytokine IL-4 was less pronounced at day 6 compared to days 1 and 3, and slightly higher expressed on the control coins. The morphology and surface chemistry of the titanium surface have a profound impact on basic cytokine production in vitro. Within the limitations of the present study, it seems that the fluorinated oxide nanotube surface results in a lower inflammatory response compared to a rather flat surface that seems to favour inflammation.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Wilhelm & Martina Lundgrens Science Fund and the TUA “Agreement concerning research and education of doctors”, 20140225TUAGBG-365041, Göteborg, Sweden for financial support.

Conflict of interest

No conflict of interests exists.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 450, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden

    Anna-Karin Östberg & Ulf Dahlgren

  2. Department of Prosthodontics/Dental Materials Science, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 450, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden

    Young-Taeg Sul & Carina B. Johansson

Authors
  1. Anna-Karin Östberg
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  2. Ulf Dahlgren
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  3. Young-Taeg Sul
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  4. Carina B. Johansson
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Correspondence to Carina B. Johansson.

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Östberg, AK., Dahlgren, U., Sul, YT. et al. Inflammatory cytokine release is affected by surface morphology and chemistry of titanium implants. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 26, 155 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-015-5486-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-015-5486-3

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