Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ion release from magnesium materials in physiological solutions under different oxygen tensions

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although magnesium as degradable biomaterial already showed clinical proof of concepts, the design of new alloys requires predictive in vitro methods, which are still lacking. Incubation under cell culture conditions to obtain “physiological” corrosion may be a solution. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of different solutions, addition of proteins and of oxygen availability on the corrosion of different magnesium materials (pure Mg, WE43, and E11) with different surface finishing. Oxygen content in solution, pH, osmolality and ion release were determined. Corrosion led to a reduction of oxygen in solution. The influence of oxygen on pH was enhanced by proteins, while osmolality was not influenced. Magnesium ion release was solution-dependent and enhanced in the initial phase by proteins with delayed release of alloying elements. The main corrosion product formed was magnesium carbonate. Therefore, cell culture conditions are proposed as first step toward physiological corrosion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Witte F. The history of biodegradable magnesium implants: a review. Acta Biomater. 2010;6(5):1680–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Erbel R, Di Mario C, Bartunek J, Bonnier J, de Bruyne B, Eberli FR, et al. Temporary scaffolding of coronary arteries with bioabsorbable magnesium stents: a prospective, non-randomised multicentre trial. Lancet. 2007;369(9576):1869–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Waksman R, Pakala R, Kuchulakanti PK, Baffour R, Hellinga D, Seabron R, et al. Safety and efficacy of bioabsorbable magnesium alloy stents in porcine coronary arteries. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent. 2006;68(4):607–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Erne P, Schier M, Resink TJ. The road to bioabsorbable stents: reaching clinical reality? Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2006;29(1):11–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Waksman R, Erbel R, Di Mario C, Bartunek J, de Bruyne B, Eberli FR, et al. Early- and long-term intravascular ultrasound and angiographic findings after bioabsorbable magnesium stent implantation in human coronary arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv. 2009;2(4):312–20. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2008.09.015.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Witte F, Hort N, Vogt C, Cohen S, Willumeit R, Kainer KU, et al. Degradable biomaterials based on magnesium corrosion. Curr Opinion Solid State Mater Sci. 2008;12:63–72. doi:10.1016/j.cossms.2009.04.001.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Witte F, Fischer J, Nellesen J, Crostack HA, Kaese V, Pisch A, et al. In vitro and in vivo corrosion measurements of magnesium alloys. Biomaterials. 2006;27:1013–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Mueller W-D, Lucia Nascimento M, Lorenzo de Mele MF. Critical discussion of the results from different corrosion studies of Mg and Mg alloys for biomaterial applications. Acta Biomater. 2010;6(5):1749–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Tie D, Feyerabend F, Hort N, Willumeit R, Hoeche D. XPS studies of magnesium surfaces after exposure to Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium, Hank’s buffered salt solution, and simulated body fluid. Adv Eng Mater. 2010;12(12):B699–704.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Willumeit R, Fischer J, Feyerabend F, Hort N, Bismayer U, Heidrich S, et al. Chemical surface alteration of biodegradable magnesium exposed to corrosion media. Acta Biomater. 2011;7:2704–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Yamamoto A, Hiromoto S. Effect of inorganic salts, amino acids and proteins on the degradation of pure magnesium in vitro. Mater Sci Eng C. 2009;29(5):1559–68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Domm C, Schunke M, Christesen K, Kurz B. Redifferentiation of dedifferentiated bovine articular chondrocytes in alginate culture under low oxygen tension. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2002;10(1):13–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hansen U, Schunke M, Domm C, Ioannidis N, Hassenpflug J, Gehrke T, et al. Combination of reduced oxygen tension and intermittent hydrostatic pressure: a useful tool in articular cartilage tissue engineering. J Biomech. 2001;34(7):941–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bassett CA, Herrmann I. Influence of oxygen concentration and mechanical factors on differentiation of connective tissues in vitro. Nature. 1961;190:460–1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Feyerabend F, Fischer J, Holtz J, Witte F, Willumeit R, Drücker H, et al. Evaluation of short-term effects of rare earth and other elements used in magnesium alloys on primary cells and cell lines. Acta Biomater. 2010;6(5):1834–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ellison G, Straumfjord JV Jr, Hummel JP. Buffer capacities of human blood and plasma. Clin Chem. 1958;4(6):452–61.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mueller WD, Nascimento ML, Zeddies M, Córsico M. Magnesium and its alloys as degradable biomaterials. Corrosion studies using potentiodynamic and eis electrochemical techniques. Mater Res. 2007;10(1):5–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kirkland NT, Lespagnol J, Birbilis N, Staiger MP. A survey of bio-corrosion rates of magnesium alloys. Corros Sci. 2010;52(2):287–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Mueller W-D, Mele MFLd, Nascimento ML, Zeddies M. Degradation of magnesium and its alloys: dependence on the composition of the synthetic biological media. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2009;90A(2):487–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu C, Xin Y, Tian X, Chu PK. Degradation susceptibility of surgical magnesium alloy in artificial biological fluid containing albumin. J MaterRes. 2007;22(3):1806–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Rettig R, Virtanen S. Composition of corrosion layers on a magnesium rare-earth alloy in simulated body fluids. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2009;88A(2):359–69.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Cundari TR, Wilson AK, Drummond ML, Gonzalez HE, Jorgensen KR, Payne S, et al. CO2-formatics: how do proteins bind carbon dioxide? J Chem Inform Model. 2009;49(9):2111–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Rettig R, Virtanen S. Time-dependent electrochemical characterization of the corrosion of a magnesium rare-earth alloy in simulated body fluids. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2008;85(1):167–75.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Kloprogge JT, Martens WN, Nothdurft L, Duong LV, Webb GE. Low temperature synthesis and characterization of nesquehonite. J Mater Sci Lett. 2003;22(11):825–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Jönsson M, Persson D, Thierry D. Corrosion product formation during NaCl induced atmospheric corrosion of magnesium alloy AZ91D. Corros Sci. 2007;49(3):1540–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Drynda A, Hassel T, Hoehn R, Perz A, Bach F-W, Peuster M. Development and biocompatibility of a novel corrodible fluoride-coated magnesium-calcium alloy with improved degradation kinetics and adequate mechanical properties for cardiovascular applications. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010;93A(2):763–75.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Drynda A, Deinet N, Braun N, Peuster M. Rare earth metals used in biodegradable magnesium-based stents do not interfere with proliferation of smooth muscle cells but do induce the upregulation of inflammatory genes. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2009;91A(2):360–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hermawan H, Dubé D, Mantovani D. Developments in metallic biodegradable stents. Acta Biomater. 2010;6(5):1693–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Genetos DC, Toupadakis CA, Raheja LF, Wong A, Papanicolaou SE, Fyhrie DP, et al. Hypoxia decreases sclerostin expression and increases Wnt signaling in osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem. 2010;110(2):457–67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Material Research, Department of Macromolecular Structure Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany

    Frank Feyerabend & Regine Willumeit

  2. Institute for Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany

    Daniel Laipple & Norbert Hort

  3. Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany

    Heiko Drücker & Carla Vogt

  4. MeKo, Im Kirchenfelde 12-14, 31157, Sarstedt/Hannover, Germany

    Michael Stekker

Authors
  1. Frank Feyerabend
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Heiko Drücker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Daniel Laipple
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Carla Vogt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Michael Stekker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Norbert Hort
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Regine Willumeit
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Frank Feyerabend.

Additional information

Frank Feyerabend and Heiko Drücker have contributed equivalently.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Feyerabend, F., Drücker, H., Laipple, D. et al. Ion release from magnesium materials in physiological solutions under different oxygen tensions. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 23, 9–24 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-011-4490-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-011-4490-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation