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Biocompatibility of chemically cross-linked gelatin hydrogels for ophthalmic use

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Abstract

Biocompatibility is a major requirement for the development of functional biomaterials for ophthalmic applications. In this study, we investigated the effect of cross-linker functionality on ocular biocompatibility of chemically modified gelatin hydrogels. The test materials were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GTA) or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), and were analyzed using in vitro and in vivo assays. Primary rat iris pigment epithelial cultures were incubated with various gelatin discs for 2 days, and the cellular responses were monitored by cell proliferation, viability, and pro-inflammatory gene and cytokine expression. The results demonstrated that the cells exposed to EDC cross-linked gelatins had relatively lower lactate dehydrogenase activity, cytotoxicity, and interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α levels than did those to GTA treated samples. In addition, the gelatin implants were inserted in the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes for 12 weeks and characterized by clinical observations and scanning electron microscopy studies. The EDC cross-linked gelatin hydrogels exhibited good biocompatibility and were well tolerated without causing toxicity and adverse effects. However, a significant inflammatory reaction was elicited by the presence of GTA treated materials. It was noted that, despite its biocompatibility, the potential application of non-cross-linked gelatin for local delivery of cell and drug therapeutics would be limited due to rapid dissolution in aqueous environments. In conclusion, these findings suggest ocular cell/tissue response to changes in cross-linker properties. In comparison to GTA treatment, the EDC cross-linking is more suitable for preparation of chemically modified gelatin hydrogels for ophthalmic use.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grant NSC98-2221-E-182-012 from the National Science Council of Republic of China and grant CMRPD160393 from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 33302, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Jui-Yang Lai

  2. Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, 33302, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Jui-Yang Lai

  3. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, 33302, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Jui-Yang Lai

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Lai, JY. Biocompatibility of chemically cross-linked gelatin hydrogels for ophthalmic use. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 21, 1899–1911 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-010-4035-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-010-4035-3

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