Abstract
The characterization of Zn/TiO2 and Ni/TiO2 composites has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The AC conductivity was measured in the frequency range 0.1 kHz to 3 MHz at temperatures from 25 to 100 °C. X-ray diffraction results revealed the presence of the anatase phase of TiO2, while presenting low peaks of rutile phase attributed to the Ni and Zn traces in the TiO2. A peak shift was appearing for Ni-doped TiO2 due to the change in the ionic radius which reduced the average particle size from 19 to 15 nm. The electrical conductivity was constant at low frequencies and increased with increasing frequency and doping with Zn and Ni, confirming the semiconductor nature of the samples and indicating localized/reorientation conduction mechanism. Interestingly, the frequency-dependent activation energy was found to be affected by the type of dopants.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S.K. Tripathy, A. Pattanaik, Optical and electronic properties of some semiconductors from energy gaps. Opt. Mater. 53, 123–133 (2016)
D. Mardare, G. Rusu, Comparison of the dielectric properties for doped and undoped TiO2 thin films. J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. 6(1), 333–336 (2004)
M. Takeuchi, T. Itoh, H. Nagasaka, Dielectric properties of sputtered TiO2 films. Thin Solid Films 51(1), 83–88 (1978)
K. Prasad et al., Ce-doped TiO2 insulators in thin film electroluminescent devices. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 5696 (1997)
A. Dey, S. De, A. De, S. De, Characterization and dielectric properties of polyaniline–TiO2 nanocomposites. Nanotechnology 15(9), 1277 (2004)
J.G. Mahy et al., Highly efficient low-temperature N-doped TiO2 catalysts for visible light photocatalytic applications. Materials 11(4), 584 (2018)
O. Gürbüz, M. Okutan, Structural, electrical, and dielectric properties of Cr doped ZnO thin films: role of Cr concentration. Appl. Surf. Sci. 387, 1211–1218 (2016)
R. Asahi, T. Morikawa, T. Ohwaki, K. Aoki, Y. Taga, Visible-light photocatalysis in nitrogen-doped titanium oxides. Science 293(5528), 269–271 (2001)
M. Okutan, E. Basaran, H.I. Bakan, F. Yakuphanoglu, AC conductivity and dielectric properties of Co-doped TiO2. Physica B 364, no. 1–4 (2005), “,”, , pp. 300–305
G. Zhu, Z. Cheng, T. Lv, L. Pan, Q. Zhao, Z. Sun, Zn-doped nanocrystalline TiO2 films for CdS quantum dot sensitized solar cells. Nanoscale 2(7), 1229–1232 (2010)
D. Mardare, M. Tasca, M. Delibas, G. Rusu, On the structural properties and optical transmittance of TiO2 rf sputtered thin films. Appl. Surf. Sci. 156, no. 1–4 (2000), “,”, , pp. 200–206
H.F. Moafi, M.A. Zanjanch, A.F. Shojaie, Lanthanum and zirconium Co-doped ZnO nanocomposites: synthesis, characterization and study of photocatalytic activity. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 14(9), 7139–7150 (2014)
Y. Hara-Kudo, Y. Segawa, K. Kimura, Sanitation of seawater effluent from seaweed processing plants using a photo-catalytic TiO2 oxidation. Chemosphere 62(1), 149–154 (2006)
J. Deng, M. Wang, J. Fang, X. Song, Z. Yang, Z. Yuan, Synthesis of Zn-doped TiO2 nano-particles using metal Ti and Zn as raw materials and application in quantum dot sensitized solar cells. J. Alloy. Compd. 791, 371–379 (2019)
K.-P. Wang, H. Teng, Zinc-doping in TiO2 films to enhance electron transport in dye-sensitized solar cells under low-intensity illumination. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 11(41), 9489–9496 (2009)
Y. Yu, J. Wang, W. Li, W. Zheng, Y. Cao, Doping mechanism of Zn2+ ions in Zn-doped TiO2 prepared by a sol–gel method. CrystEngCommun 17(27), 5074–5080 (2015)
L. Jing, B. Xin, F. Yuan, L. Xue, B. Wang, H. Fu, Effects of surface oxygen vacancies on photophysical and photochemical processes of Zn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles and their relationships. J. Phys. Chem. B 110(36), 17860–17865 (2006)
S. Jensen, D.S. Kilin, Electronic properties of nickel-doped TiO2 anatase. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 27(13), 134207 (2015)
J. Ye, B. Li, M. Li, Y. Zheng, S. Wu, Y. Han, ROS induced bactericidal activity of amorphous Zn-doped titanium oxide coatings and enhanced osseointegration in bacteria-infected rat tibias. Acta Biomater. 107, 314–324 (2020)
D. Cahyaningsih, A. Taufik, R. Saleh, Effect of Ni doping on the structural and optical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation method. J. Phys. 1442(1), 012017 (2020)
M.A. El-Kemary et al., Sol-gel TiO2 decorated on eggshell nanocrystal as engineered adsorbents for removal of acid dye. J. Dispers. Sci. Technol. 39(6), 911–921 (2018)
K. Shoueir, H. El-Sheshtawy, M. Misbah, H. El-Hosainy, I. El-Mehasseb, M. El-Kemary, Fenton-like nanocatalyst for photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light activated by hybrid green DNSA@ Chitosan@ MnFe2O4. Carbohydr. Polym. 197, 17–28 (2018)
A.H. Bashal, M.H. Saad, M.A. Khalafalla, The effect of nickel percentage on the dielectric properties of bentonite. J. Taibah Univ. Sci. 14(1), 496–499 (2020)
Y. Wang, L. Li, X. Huang, Q. Li, G. Li, New insights into fluorinated TiO2 (brookite, anatase and rutile) nanoparticles as efficient photocatalytic redox catalysts. RSC Adv. 5(43), 34302–34313 (2015)
A. Mragui, Y. Logvina, L. Pinto da Silva, O. Zegaoui, J.C. Esteves da Silva, Synthesis of Fe-and Co-doped TiO2 with improved photocatalytic activity under visible irradiation toward carbamazepine degradation. Materials 12(23), 3874 (2019)
L.K. Gaur et al., Laser induced phase transformation influenced by Co doping in TiO2 nanoparticles. J. Alloy. Compd. 780, 25–34 (2019)
S.M. Adyani, M. Ghorbani, A comparative study of physicochemical and photocatalytic properties of visible light responsive Fe, Gd and P single and tri-doped TiO2 nanomaterials. J. Rare Earths 36(1), 72–85 (2018)
A. Abou Elfadl, A. Ismail, M. Mohammed, Dielectric study and AC conduction mechanism of gamma irradiated nano–composite of polyvinyl alcohol matrix with Cd 0.9 Mn 0.1 S. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 31(11), 8297–8307 (2020)
Y. Yusof, H. Illias, M. Kadir, Incorporation of NH 4 Br in PVA-chitosan blend-based polymer electrolyte and its effect on the conductivity and other electrical properties. Ionics 20(9), 1235–1245 (2014)
T. Abdel-Baset, A. Hassen, Dielectric relaxation analysis and Ac conductivity of polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylonitrile film. Physica B 499, 24–28 (2016)
M. Mostafa, S. El-Khiyami, Crystal structure and electric properties of the organic–inorganic hybrid:[(CH2) 6 (NH3) 2] ZnCl4. J. Solid State Chem. 209, 82–88 (2014)
I. Ahmad et al., Synthesis and characterization of silver doped ZnO nanoparticles for hydrogen production. J. Ovo. Res. 14, 6 (2018)
M. Ahamed, M.M. Khan, M.J. Akhtar, H.A. Alhadlaq, A. Alshamsan, Ag-doping regulates the cytotoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles via oxidative stress in human cancer cells. Sci. Rep. 7(1), 1–14 (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abdel-Baset, T.A., Bashal, A.H. Structure and AC conductivity of zinc and nickel-doped TiO2 nanocomposite synthesized by simple incipient wet impregnation method. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 31, 18533–18540 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04397-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04397-1