Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Structural, morphological and dielectric investigation of spinel chromite (XCr2O4, X = Zn, Mn, Cu & Fe) nanoparticles

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The nature of engineering technique has a significant effect on the particle size, particle distribution and thus affects the morphological, electrical and dielectric properties of the materials. In this work, ZnCr2O4, MnCr2O4, CuCr2O4 and FeCr2O4 nanoparticles have been synthesized using wet chemical based sol–gel auto-combustion method. The crystal structure, lattice constant, unit cell volume, X-ray density and porosity of the calcined powder samples were determined from the data obtained from X-ray diffractometer. Morphology, grains size and distribution of the grains were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Dielectric response of the samples was checked in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 20 MHz. The analysis of real and imaginary dielectric constant and tangent loss revealed a non-linear dielectric behavior of the spinel oxides. A strong frequency dependent response of different electroactive regions was found by impedance spectroscopy. Hopping of charge carriers in the conduction mechanism of spinel chromites was analyzed from the variation of ac conductivity with frequency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. P. Matulkova, B. Holec, S. Pacakova, A. Kubickova, J. Mantlikova, I. Plocek, D. Nemec, J. Niznansky, Vejpravova, On preparation of nanocrystalline chromites by co-precipitation and autocombustion methods. Mater. Sci. Eng. 195, 66–73 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. L. Patron, V. Pocol, O. Carp, E. Modrogan, M. Brezeanu, New synthetic route in obtaining copper chromite I. hydrolysis of some soluble salts. Mater. Res. Bull. 36(7–8), 1269–1276 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. D. Gingasu, I. Nindru, D.C. Culita, L. Patron, J.M. Calderon-Moreno, S. Preda, O. Oprea, P. Osiceanu, Investigation of nanocrystalline zinc chromite obtained by two soft chemical routes. Mater. Res. Bull. 49, 151–159 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. S. Naz, S.K. Durrani, M. Mehmood, M. Nadeem, Hydrothermal synthesis, structural and impedance studies of nanocrystalline zinc chromite spinel oxide material. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 20, 585–593 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Zhang, X.A. Fan, L. Lu, X. Hu, Plasma sprayed ferrite-based infrared radiation coating directly from transition metal oxides without high-temperature roasting. Mater. Lett. 161, 348–351 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. M. Gul, Radio frequency abnormal dielectric response of manganese chromite (MnCr2O4) nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method. Mater. Res. Bull. 76, 431–435 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Z. Ahmad, S. Atiq, S.K. Abbas, S.M. Ramay, S. Riaz, S. Naseem, Structural and complex impedance spectroscopic studies of Mg substituted CoFe2O4. Ceram. Int. 42, 18271–18282 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. M. Khalid, G.M. Ali, S. Mustafa, S.M. Atiq, A. Ramay, S. Mahmood, Naseem, Structural and dielectric properties of sol–gel synthesized (Mn, Cu) co-doped BiFeO3 ceramics. J. Sol. Gel Sci. Technol. 80, 814–820 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. P. Parhi, V. Manivannan, Microwave metathetic approach for the synthesis and characterization of ZnCr2O4. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 28, 1665–1670 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. L. Zou, X. Xiang, J. Fan, F. Li, D.G. Evans, Synthesis of high surface area zinc chromate spinel with mesopore network from Zn–Cr-layered double hydroxide precursor. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 69, 1075–1078 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Yazdanbakhsh, I. Khosravi, E.K. Goharshadi, A. Youssefi, Fabrication of nanospinel ZnCr2O4 using sol–gel method and its application on removal of azo dye from aqueous solution. J. Hazard. Mater. 184, 684–689 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. M. Ptak, M. Maczka, A. Gągor, A. Pikul, L. Macalik, J. Hanuza, Temperature-dependent XRD, IR, magnetic, SEM and TEM studies of Jahn-Teller distorted NiCr2O4 powders. J. Solid State Chem. 201, 270–279 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. E. Grazenaite, J. Pinkas, A. Beganskiene, A. Kareiva, Sol-gel and sonochemically derived transition metal chromite as pigments. Ceram. Int. 42, 9402–9412 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. S.G. Hosseini, R. Abazari, A. Gavi, Pure CuCr2O4 nanoparticles, synthesis, characterization and their morphological and size effects on the catalytic thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Solid State Sci. 37, 72–79 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. D. Gingasu, I. Mindru, L. Patron, D.C. Culita, J.M. Calderon-Moreno, L. Diamandescu, M. Feder, O. Oprea, Precursor method—a nonconventional route for the synthesis of ZnCr2O4 spinel. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 74, 1295–1302 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. B.D. Cullity, J.W. Weymouth, Elements of X-ray Diffraction. Am. J. Phys. 25, 394–395 (1957)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. L. Patron, V. Pocol, O. Carp, E. Modrogan, M. Brezeanu, New synthetic route in obtaining copper chromite I. Hydrolysis of some soluble salts. Mater. Res. Bull. 36(7–8), 1269–1276 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. J. Wang, Y. Sun, H. Jiang, J. Feng, Removal of caffeine from water by combining dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma with goethite. J. Saudi. Chem. Soc. 21, 545–557 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. G.M. Mustafa, S. Atiq, S.K. Abbas, S. Riaz, S. Naseem, Tunable structural and electrical impedance properties of pyrochlores based Nd doped lanthanum zirconate nanoparticles for capacitive applications. Ceram. Int. 44, 2170–2177 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Ashima, S. Agarwal, A. Reetu, Rietveld refinement, electrical properties and magnetic characteristics of Ca-Sr substituted barium hexaferrites. J. Alloy. Compd. 513, 436–444 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. C.G. Koop, On the dispersion of resistivity and dielectric constant of some semiconductor at audio frequencies. Phys. Rev. 83, 121–124 (1951)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. J.C. Maxwell, A treatise on electricity and magnetism (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1982)

    Google Scholar 

  23. M. Abdallh, E. Bakir, E. Yousif, Study the electrical conductivity of crosslinked polyester doped with different metal salts. J. Saudi. Chem. Soc. 18, 387–391 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. S. Khalid, S.M. Atiq, A. Ramay, G.M. Mahmood, S. Mustafa, Riaz, Naseem, S, Magneto-electric characteristics in (Mn, Cu) co-doped BiFeO3 multiferroic nanoparticles. J. Mater. Sci. 27, 8966–8972 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. P. Ganguly, A.K. Jha, K.L. Deori, Complex impedance studies of tungsten-bronze structured Ba5SmTi3Nb7O30 ferroelectric ceramic. Solid State Commun. 146, 472–477 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. S.K. Durrani, S. Naz, M, Mehmood, M, Nadeem, M, Siddique, Structural, impedance and Mössbauer studies of magnesium ferrite synthesized via sol–gel auto-combustion process. J. Saudi. Chem. Soc. 21, 899–910 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. S. Pattanayak, B.N. Parida, P.R. Das, Impedance spectroscopy of Gd-doped BiFeO3 multiferroics. Appl. Phys. A 112, 387–395 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. R.M. Almeida, W. Paraguassu, D.S. Pires, R.R. Correa, C.W.D.A. Paschoal, Impedance spectroscopy analysis of BaFe12O19 hexaferrite obtained by ceramic method. Ceram. Int. 35, 2443–2447 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this work through research Group No (RG- 1440-021).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

    Muhammad Burhan Shafqat, Muhammad Ali, Shahid Atiq & Shahzad Naseem

  2. Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Shahid M. Ramay

  3. Chemical Engineering Department, SABIC Polymer Research Center (SPRC), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia

    Hamid M. Shaikh

Authors
  1. Muhammad Burhan Shafqat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Muhammad Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shahid Atiq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shahid M. Ramay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hamid M. Shaikh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Shahzad Naseem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shahid Atiq.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shafqat, M.B., Ali, M., Atiq, S. et al. Structural, morphological and dielectric investigation of spinel chromite (XCr2O4, X = Zn, Mn, Cu & Fe) nanoparticles. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 30, 17623–17629 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-02111-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-02111-4

Search

Navigation