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Optimizing the procedure for the synthesis of nanoscale gadolinium(III) tungstate as efficient photocatalyst

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Abstract

The parameters affecting the properties of the product obtained through the precipitation reaction between Gd3+ and WO4 2− ions were optimized through the Taguchi robust design and the final product was studied in terms of its physico-chemical characteristics to evaluate the effect of the parameters. The chemical precipitation reaction used to this end involved the direct addition of solutions of Gd3+ to those of WO4 2− in aqueous solvents and the variables studied included the concentrations of the ionic species as well as the flow rate of the cation solution added to the anion solution (Fz) and the reaction temperature. The analysis of variance of the results revealed that manipualting the WO4 2− concentration, Fz and the reaction temperature can lead to optimal results. The optimum product was finally characterized through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, the as-synthsized gadolinium tungstate nanoparticles were used as an efficient photocatalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under ultraviolet light, and the results showed that the prepared gadolinium tungstate particles possessed superior photocatalitic activity than TiO2.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mehdi Rahimi-Nasrabadi

  2. Department of Chemistry, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran

    Mehdi Rahimi-Nasrabadi

  3. Faculty of Material and Manufacturing Technologies, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Seied Mahdi Pourmortazavi & Meisam Sadeghpour Karimi

  4. Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, Iran

    Mustafa Aghazadeh

  5. Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Ganjali & Parviz Novrouzi

  6. Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Ganjali

Authors
  1. Mehdi Rahimi-Nasrabadi
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  2. Seied Mahdi Pourmortazavi
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  3. Mustafa Aghazadeh
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  4. Mohammad Reza Ganjali
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  5. Meisam Sadeghpour Karimi
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  6. Parviz Novrouzi
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Correspondence to Mehdi Rahimi-Nasrabadi or Seied Mahdi Pourmortazavi.

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Rahimi-Nasrabadi, M., Pourmortazavi, S.M., Aghazadeh, M. et al. Optimizing the procedure for the synthesis of nanoscale gadolinium(III) tungstate as efficient photocatalyst. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 28, 3780–3788 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5988-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5988-x

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