Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Ba2+ doping on microstructure and electric properties of calcium copper titanate (CaCu3Ti4O12) ceramics

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Ba2+ doped ceramics of Ca1−xBaxCu3Ti4O12 (x = 0.005, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1) were sintered via conventional solid-state reaction at 1050 °C for 8 h in air. The microstructure and electric properties of Ba2+ doping ceramics were investigated. The lattice parameters of Ca1−xBaxCu3Ti4O12 (CBCTO) ceramics decreased with the Ba2+ doping, and Ba1.31Ti8O16 as secondary phase was confirmed at x = 0.1. The doping of Ba2+ resulted in uniformly distribution of small size grain (~4 μm). All the doped samples showed lower value of dielectric constant than CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO), due to low resistivity of the grain boundary with the Ba2+ doped samples. The nonlinear coefficient and breakdown field were significantly enhanced by Ba2+ doping.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A.P. Ramirez, M.A. Subramanianb, M. Gardel, G. Blumberg, D. Li, T. Vogt, S.M. Shapiro, Giant dielectric constant response in a copper-titanate. Solid State Commun. 115, 217–220 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. P. Liu, Y.M. Lai, Y.M. Zeng, S. Wu, Z.H. Huang, J. Han, Influence of sintering conditions on microstructure and electrical properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramics. J. Alloys Compd. 650, 59–64 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. C.C. Homes, T. Vogt, S.M. Shapiro, S. Wakimoto, A.P. Ramirez, Optical response of high-dielectric-constant perovskite-related oxide. Science 293, 673–676 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. T.T. Fang, H.K. Shiau, Mechanism for developing the boundary barrier layers of CaCu3Ti4O12. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87, 2072–2079 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. M.A. Subramanian, D. Li, N. Duan, B.A. Reisner, A.W. Sleight, High dielectric constant in ACu3Ti4O12 and ACu3Ti3FeO12 phases. J. Solid State Chem. 151, 323–325 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. L. He, J.B. Neaton, M.H. Cohen, D. Vanderbilt, C.C. Homes, First-principles study of the structure and lattice dielectric response ofCaCu3Ti4O12. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter 65, 214112 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. D.C. Sinclair, T.B. Adams, F.D. Morrison, A.R. West, CaCu3Ti4O12: One-step internal barrier layer capacitor. Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 2153 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. T.B. Adams, D.C. Sinclair, A.R. West, Giant barrier layer capacitance effects in CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. Adv. Mater. 14, 1321–1323 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. P. Mishra, P. Kumar, Structural, dielectric and optical properties of [(BZT–BCT)-(epoxy-CCTO)] composites. Ceram. Int. 41, 2727–2734 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. R. Xue, Z. Chen, H. Dai, D. Liu, T. Li, G. Zhao, Effects of rare earth ionic doping on microstructures and electrical properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. Mater. Res. Bull. 66, 254–261 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. W. Wan, C. Liu, H. Sun, Z. Luo, W.X. Yuan, H. Wu, T. Qiu, Low-toxic gelcasting of giant dielectric-constant CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics from the molten salt powder. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 35, 3529–3534 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. M.F.A. Rahman, J.J. Mohamed, M.F. Ain, S.D. Hutagalung, The effect of MgO dopant on the dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. Adv. Mater. Res. 620, 219–223 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Jumpatam, B. Putasaeng, T. Yamwong, P. Thongbai, S. Maensiri, A novel strategy to enhance dielectric performance and non-Ohmic properties in Ca2Cu2−xMgxTi4O12. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 34, 2941–2950 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. L. Singh, U.S. Rai, K.D. Mandal, Influence of Zn doping on microstructures and dielectric properties in CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramic synthesised by semiwet route. Adv. Appl. Ceram. 111(7), 374–380 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. L. Singh, U.S. Rai, K.D. Mandal, M. Yashpal, Dielectric properties of ultrafine Zn-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramic. J. Adv. Dielectr. 02, 1250007 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. L. Singh, U.S. Rai, K.D. Mandal, Dielectric properties of zinc doped nanocrystalline calcium copper titanate synthesized by different approach. Mater. Res. Bull. 48(6), 2117–2122 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. L. Singh, U.S. Rai, A.K. Rai, K.D. Mandal, Sintering effects on dielectric properties of Zn-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramic synthesized by modified sol-gel route. Electron. Mater. Lett. 9(1), 107–113 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. L. Singh, I.W. Kim, B.C. Sin, K.D. Mandal, U.S. Rai, A. Ullah, H. Chung, Y. Lee, Dielectric studies of a nano-crystalline CaCu2.90Zn0.10Ti4O12 electro-ceramic by one pot glycine assisted synthesis from inexpensive TiO2 for energy storage capacitors. RSC Adv 4(95), 52770–52784 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. A. Rajabtabar-Darvishi, R. Bayati, O. Sheikhnejad-Bishe, L.D. Wang, W.L. Li, J. Sheng, W.D. Fei, Giant dielectric response and low dielectric loss in Al2O3 grafted CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. J. Appl. Phys. 117(9), 094103 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. R.D. Shannon, Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A Found. Crystallogr. 32, 751–767 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  21. L.F. Xu, P.B. Qi, X.P. Song, X.J. Luo, C.P. Yang, Dielectric relaxation behaviors of pure and Pr6O11-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics in high temperature range. J. Alloys Compd. 509, 7697–7701 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Arunachalam Lakshmanan, Sintering of ceramics–new emerging techniques (InTch, Croatia, 2012)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  23. P. Thongbai, J. Jumpatam, T. Yamwong, S. Maensiri, Effects of Ta5+ doping on microstructure evolution, dielectric properties and electrical response in CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 32, 2423–2430 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. J. Jumpatam, B. Putasaeng, T. Yamwong, P. Thongbai, S. Maensiri, Enhancement of giant dielectric response in Ga-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. Ceram. Int. 39, 1057–1064 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. P. Leret, J.F. Fernandez, J. de Frutos, D. Fernández-Hevia, Nonlinear I–V electrical behaviour of doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 27, 3901–3905 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. L. Liu, D. Shi, S. Zheng, Y. Huang, S. Wu, Y. Li, L. Fang, C. Hu, Polaron relaxation and non-ohmic behavior in CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics with different cooling methods. Mater. Chem. Phys. 139(2–3), 844–850 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. L. Liu, H. Fan, X. Chen, P. Fang, Electrical properties and microstructural characteristics of nonstoichiometric CaCu3xTi4O12 ceramics. J. Alloys Compd. 469(1–2), 529–534 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  28. S.D. Hutagalung, L.Y. Ooi, Z.A. Ahmad, Improvement in dielectric properties of Zn-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 electroceramics prepared by modified mechanical alloying technique. J. Alloys Compd. 476, 477–481 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. T.T. Fang, H.Y. Chung, Reassessment of the impedance spectra and dielectric responses of undoped and CaSiO3-doped CaCu3Ti4O12. J. Appl. Phys. 109, 014102 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. A.R. West, T.B. Adams, F.D. Morrison, D.C. Sinclair, Novel high capacitance materials: BaTiO3: La and CaCu3Ti4O12. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24, 1439–1448 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. P. Liu, Y. He, J.P. Zhou, C.H. Mu, H.W. Zhang, Dielectric relaxation and giant dielectric constant of Nb-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics under dc bias voltage. Phys. Status Solidi A 206, 562–566 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. D.R. Clarke, Varistor ceramics. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82, 485–502 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Y. Huang, D. Shi, Y. Li, G. Li, Q. Wang, L. Liu, L. Fang, Effect of holding time on the dielectric properties and non-ohmic behavior of CaCu3Ti4O12 capacitor-varistors. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 24(6), 1994–1999 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. L. Liu, L. Fang, Y. Huang, Y. Li, D. Shi, S. Zheng, S. Wu, C. Hu, Dielectric and nonlinear current–voltage characteristics of rare–earth doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. J. Appl. Phys. 110(9), 094101 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. L. Liu, Y. Huang, Y. Li, D. Shi, S. Zheng, S. Wu, L. Fang, C. Hu, Dielectric and non-Ohmic properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics modified with NiO, SnO2, SiO2, and Al2O3 additives. J. Mater. Sci. 47(5), 2294–2299 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the fund of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals (No. SKL-SPM-201535, 201548), the Technology Development Project of Yunnan Tin Group (No. Q/GYGL14042010) and Science & Technology Program of Yunnan Province (No. 2014DC019).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals, Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming, 650106, China

    Shuang Wu, Pei Liu, Yuanming Lai, Weiming Guan, Zihan Huang, Jiao Han, Yao Xiang, Wei Yi & Yiming Zeng

  2. Aerospace Science and Industry Wuhan Magnetism-electron Co., LTD, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Pei Liu

  3. State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China

    Yuanming Lai

Authors
  1. Shuang Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pei Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yuanming Lai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Weiming Guan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zihan Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jiao Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yao Xiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Wei Yi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Yiming Zeng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yiming Zeng.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wu, S., Liu, P., Lai, Y. et al. Effect of Ba2+ doping on microstructure and electric properties of calcium copper titanate (CaCu3Ti4O12) ceramics. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 27, 10336–10341 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5118-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5118-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation