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Review of applications of 2D materials in memristive neuromorphic circuits

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Abstract

Neuromorphic systems with large-scale parallel computing capability and low power consumption have become important for the development of artificial intelligence technologies. Memristors have been designed to achieve various computing functions and have been further applied in neuromorphic circuits owing to their high storage density, fast switching speed, ultra-low power consumption, and long endurance cycles. Among the different types of functional materials, 2D materials, which are a novel class of functional materials, have shown great potential in memristive neuromorphic applications because of their atomic-scale thickness, excellent electronic properties, thermal stability, mechanical flexibility, and strength. In addition, by stacking different 2D materials together, van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures retain not only the properties of each 2D material but also exhibit more interesting properties than their respective counterparts; therefore, vdW heterostructures are promising for flexible neuromorphic applications. In this review, we discuss the applications of 2D materials and their vdW heterostructures in memristive neuromorphic circuits from the perspective of material systems, physical mechanisms, advantages, and future challenges.

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Figure 1
Figure 2

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [21] © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012]

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Reproduced with permission from Ref. [29] © American Chemical Society 2013] d–f TEM images of the thickness of the dielectric layer in TiN/PCMO/Pt devices under different voltages. Scale bar: 10 nm. [Reproduced with permission from Ref. [30] © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016]

Figure 4

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [40] © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2016]

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Figure 6

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [58] © American Chemical Society 2018]

Figure 7

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [74] ©WILEY–VCH Verlag GmbH & Co 2019]

Figure 8

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [85] © WILEY–VCH Verlag GmbH & Co 2020]

Figure 9

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [89] © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2018] g Diagram of MoS2/graphene vdW heterojunction devices. h Pulsing scheme for STDP characterization. i Synaptic weight change as a function of timing difference of the prespike and the postspike signals. j Pulse training with 100 identical positive pulses and 100 negative pulses. k Weight update observed in the MoS2/graphene memristive device with the same pulse training in (j). [Reproduced with permission from Ref. [92] © AIP Publishing 2019]

Figure 10

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [100] © Springer Nature 2020]

Figure 11

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [107] © AIP Publishing 2019]

Figure 12

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [118] © WILEY–VCH Verlag GmbH & Co 2021]

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61804079, 61964012), in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20211273), in part by the Policy guidance international cooperation project of Jiangsu Province (BZ2021031), in part by the open research fund of the National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology (KFJJ20200102), in part by the Youth Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20202ACBL21200), in part by the Research foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NY220112).

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  1. College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Lei Wang, Xinyi Shen, Zhixuan Gao, Jinke Fu, Suhao Yao, Luyao Cheng & Xiaojuan Lian

  2. National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Xiaojuan Lian

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Wang, L., Shen, X., Gao, Z. et al. Review of applications of 2D materials in memristive neuromorphic circuits. J Mater Sci 57, 4915–4940 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-06954-x

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