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Palladium phosphide nanoparticles embedded in 3D N, P co-doped carbon film for high-efficiency oxygen reduction

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Abstract

Seeking economical, efficient and stable catalysts to ameliorate the slow kinetics of oxygen reduction in cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is still a great challenge. Herein, we design and synthesize an advanced Pd-based catalyst, where small palladium-phosphorus nanoparticles (Pd3P NPs) with ~ 5.2 wt% Pd loading are embedded in three-dimensional (3D) bubble-like nitrogen, phosphorus co-doped carbon (NPC) film (Pd3P@NPC). The resultant catalyst delivers markedly enhancive catalytic performance in comparison with commercial Pt/C, Pd/C, Pd3P and NPC toward ORR, benefiting from the specific 3D porous structure, nano-size effect and the electronic interaction between Pd3P NPs and NPC. Specifically, the half-wave potential of Pd3P@NPC (0.885 V) is 36 mV higher than that of commercial Pt/C, and the mass activity of Pd3P@NPC is 1.112 mA \({\mathrm{\mu g}}_{\mathrm{Pd}}^{-1}\) at 0.85 V, which is 8.18-fold and 11.96-fold enhancement in regard to that of commercial Pt/C and Pd/C, respectively. It is interesting to note that the as-prepared Pd3P@NPC also maintains a predominant stability after 40,000 potential sweeping cycles. This new catalyst is expected to enlarge the species of 3D Pd-based composites such as palladium carbide, palladium nitride and palladium sulfide on heteroatoms doped carbon substrate for ORR.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (0301005202017, 2018CDQYFXCS0017, 106112017CDJXSYY0001), Thousand Young Talents Program of the Chinese Central Government (Grant No. 0220002102003), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant No. U19A20100, 21971027, 21373280, 21403019), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Hundred Talents Program at Chongqing University (Grant No. 0903005203205), The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions Project (SKLMT-ZZKT-2017M11).

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  1. Shuaiqi Xing and Miaomiao He have contributed equally to this work

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  1. The School of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, People’s Republic of China

    Shuaiqi Xing, Fan Xu, Feipeng Wang & Yu Wang

  2. The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, People’s Republic of China

    Miaomiao He, Guangzhen Lv, Huijuan Zhang & Yu Wang

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Xing, S., He, M., Lv, G. et al. Palladium phosphide nanoparticles embedded in 3D N, P co-doped carbon film for high-efficiency oxygen reduction. J Mater Sci 56, 10523–10536 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-05935-w

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