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Lanthanum carbonate nanofibers for phosphorus removal from water

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Abstract

Cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers were dipped in alternating solutions of aqueous lanthanum acetate and alkali metal carbonates (for up to 10 cycles) to precipitate lanthanum carbonate. Only sodium carbonate yielded Na–La double-metal carbonates and lanthanum carbonate hydroxide as the cycles of precipitation increased. Potassium and cesium carbonates yielded lanthanite phases that removed more P than inorganics derived from Na2CO3 (212 and 157 mg P g−1 nanofiber, respectively, at pH 7 after 110 h). The lanthanum carbonate from Na2CO3 and K2CO3 showed the greatest potential for P removal when exposed to groundwater for more than 24 h. Among the phase and pH-dependent mechanisms of P removal, lanthanite transformed to lanthanum phosphate at neutral pH and phosphate ions exchanged with carbonate ions. Hydration of crystalline phases (synthesized from Na2CO3 and Cs2CO3) was accompanied by phosphate ion sorption at pH 10. Within 24 h, phosphate ion sorption was higher at pH 10 than pH 7, indicating that ion exchange between phosphate and carbonate at pH 7 occurs relatively slower than diffusion of hydrated phosphate ions at pH 10. Selective P removal of the developed lanthanum carbonate mineralized nanofibers will help develop novel water purification technology that can be used in contaminated sites.

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Acknowledgements

Yaewon Park’s current affiliation is The Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) at The Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York (CUNY). Water Resources Research Institute—North Carolina Sea Grant (WRRI-NCSG) awarded support for graduate research (WRRI Project No. 17-02-SG & Sea Grant Project No. R/MG-1708), and the Nonwovens Institute Project 14-177 NC supported this work. The authors recognize the NC State Water-Nano GRIP (Game-Changing Research Incentive Program) for their role in providing an interdisciplinary community for collaboration on novel nanotechnologies for water purification. The North Carolina State University Environmental and Agricultural Testing Services Laboratory performed ICP-OES measurements. This work was performed in part at the Analytical Instrumentation Facility (AIF) at North Carolina State University, which is supported by the State of North Carolina and the National Science Foundation (Award Number ECCS-1542015). AIF is a member of the North Carolina Research Triangle Nanotechnology Network (RTNN), a site in the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure (NNCI). N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms were measured in Dr. Gregory Parsons’s laboratory and assisted by Dennis Lee in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at North Carolina State University. Evan Kane at Wake County government in North Carolina collected and provided groundwater samples.

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  1. Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, The Nonwovens Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA

    Yaewon Park & Ericka Ford

  2. Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA

    Christopher Gorman

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Park, Y., Gorman, C. & Ford, E. Lanthanum carbonate nanofibers for phosphorus removal from water. J Mater Sci 55, 5008–5020 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-04324-8

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