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Attaching ZrO2 nanoparticles onto the surface of graphene oxide via electrostatic self-assembly for enhanced mechanical and tribological performance of phenolic resin composites

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Abstract

ZrO2 nanoparticles were electrostatic self-assembled on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) for enhancing the mechanical and tribological properties of phenolic resin. Zeta potential analysis and structural characterization confirmed that ZrO2 nanoparticles had been successfully adhered onto the surface of GO, and the as-prepared ZrO2@GO nanohybrid possessed good dispersity. The results showed that filling 1.5 wt% ZrO2@GO nanohybrid could improve the flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength of phenolic resin (PF) by 38.6%, 10.7% and 8.3%, respectively. When 0.5 wt% ZrO2@GO was added, the initial decomposition temperature and the residual content at 800 °C of PF increased by 20.0% and 16.9%, respectively. The ZrO2@GO nanohybrid also exhibited synergistic effect for improving the tribological performance of PF effectively, that when adding 0.5 wt% ZrO2@GO nanohybrid, the average friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites reduced by 21.8% and 30.6%, respectively. SEM observation and 3D non-contact surface topography analysis showed the wear surface of ZrO2@GO nanohybrid filling PF composite was smooth, low spalling and shallowly grooved with the typical characteristic of abrasive wear. It was explained that the ZrO2@GO nanohybrid could play the role of rolling bearings, form stable and smooth friction transfer film and enhance the interfacial interaction, thus indicated the synergistic wear-resisting performance for PF matrix. It provides a green, convenient and fast method for preparing ZrO2 nanoparticles-attached GO nanohybrid that can enhance the mechanical and tribological performance of resin-based materials effectively.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the National High Technology Research and Development (863) Program (2015AA034602), Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths (201801D221155), Program for the Excellent Young Academic Leaders of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi Province, Program for the Young Academic Leaders of North University of China, Project of Basic Science and Advanced Technology Research (cstc2016jcyjA0796) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XDJK2016A017).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, Shanxi Province 1331 Project Key Innovation Team of Polymeric Functional New Materials, Shanxi Province Innovative Disciplinary Group of New Materials Industry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China

    Shuzhan Wang, Shaofeng Zhou, Guizhe Zhao & Yaqing Liu

  2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China

    Jin Huang

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  1. Shuzhan Wang
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Correspondence to Shaofeng Zhou, Jin Huang or Yaqing Liu.

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Wang, S., Zhou, S., Huang, J. et al. Attaching ZrO2 nanoparticles onto the surface of graphene oxide via electrostatic self-assembly for enhanced mechanical and tribological performance of phenolic resin composites. J Mater Sci 54, 8247–8261 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03512-w

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