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In situ generated spinel-phase skin on layered Li-rich short nanorods as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

  • Energy materials
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Abstract

As main electrochemical power sources for portable electronic devices, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) restricted by cathode materials should be further developed for the application in electric vehicles. Despite the restrictions of low Coulombic efficiency and serious voltage fading, high-capacity Li-rich layered oxides with high voltage are still attractive cathode materials for high-energy-density LIBs. Here, spinel-phase skin is in situ generated on Fe-containing Li-rich short nanorods by employing a direct hydrothermal method. The rational design of morphology and structure features is beneficial for the removal and embedding of lithium ions. Two-dimensional nanorod structure can greatly shorten the pathway length of Li-ion diffusion and electron transport, increase the interface area between the electrode and electrolyte, and provide more free space for Li-ion storage and transmission. Large porosity between short nanorods is conducive to the penetration and infiltration of the electrolyte. Moreover, the ultrathin spinel marginal nanolayer (~ 3 nm) can provide 3D diffusion channels for Li+ ions transportation due to its fast kinetics. Good electrochemical performances are exhibited by controlling the concentration of lithium source (LiOH·H2O). Owning to this unique structure and morphology design, the prepared compound delivers a high discharge specific capacity of 247.5 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1 and a good rate capability. The first Coulombic efficiency and voltage fading issue are also significantly improved. These Li-rich short nanorods with spinel-phase skin are considered promising as cathode materials for LIBs.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Nature Science Foundations of Hebei Province (B2016210071), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Education Department (QN2016057, QN2015220), the National College Students’ Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Project of China, the National Key Research and Development Program of China “New Energy Project for Electric Vehicle” (2016YFB0100204), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51772030).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, Hebei, China

    Taolin Zhao, Rixin Ji, Yu Meng, Guanglei Zhang, Huayan Si, Yuhua Wang & Minli Yang

  2. Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering Materials, Shijiazhuang, 050043, Hebei, China

    Taolin Zhao, Guanglei Zhang, Huayan Si, Yuhua Wang & Minli Yang

  3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

    Feng Wu, Li Li & Renjie Chen

  4. Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China

    Feng Wu, Li Li & Renjie Chen

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  1. Taolin Zhao
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  2. Rixin Ji
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Zhao, T., Ji, R., Meng, Y. et al. In situ generated spinel-phase skin on layered Li-rich short nanorods as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. J Mater Sci 54, 9098–9110 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03425-8

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